替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错儿童上气道形态及舌骨位置的X线头影测量

CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY OF UPPER AIRWAY AND THE HYOID BONE POSTION IN MIXED DENTITION CHILDREN WITH SKELETAL CLASS Ⅲ MALOCCLUSION

目的探讨替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错儿童上气道形态及舌骨位置的特征。方法选取替牙期(颈椎骨龄7～11岁)骨性Ⅲ类错及骨性Ⅰ类正常对照组儿童各30例,拍摄X线头颅定位侧位片,应用Winceph 8.0X线头影测量分析软件进行气道宽度和舌骨位置的头影测量。比较两组鼻咽、腭咽、舌咽和喉咽各部位气道宽度和舌骨位置的差异。结果替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错儿童的上气道各段均明显窄于正常对照组儿童(t=2.035～4.578,P<0.05),软腭宽度明显增大(t=2.389,P<0.05),舌骨位置更靠前(t=2.583、2.696,P<0.05)。结论替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错儿童气道形态和舌骨位置存在特征性改变。

Objective To investigate the features of upper airway appearance and the position of hyoid bone in mixed dentition children with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion. Methods Thirty children in mixed dentition （cervical vertebral maturation 7 11 years） with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, and 30 normal children were included in this study. Cephalometric radiographs were taken for the children. The width of the upper airway and the position of the hyoid bone were measured by using Winceph 8.0 software. The width of each part airway and the position of hyoid bone between the two groups were compared. Results Com- pared with normal children, the width of each part upper airway in skeletal class HI malocclusion ones was markedly narrowed （t= 2.035--4.578,P〈0.05）, the width of the soft palate increased （t=2.389,P〈0.05）, and the position of hyoid hone located more anteriorly （t=2.583,2.696;P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are characteristic changes in the appearance of upper airway and the position of hyoid bone in mixed dentition children with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion.