青岛市老年公寓老年人牙缺失状况与口腔健康调查

A SURVEY OF TOOTH LOSS AND ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF ELDERLY AT NURSING HOME OF QINGDAO

目的分析青岛市老年公寓老年人的牙齿缺失情况以及是否达到WHO的健康标准。方法在青岛市随机抽取8家老年公寓,运用捷径调查方法,通过问卷调查和口腔检查,记录512名老年人余留牙的数目、类型和后牙咬合对数(POPs)。按照Nijmegen功能等级分类系统,对60～69岁、70～79岁和80岁以上3个年龄组的余留牙和POPs进行比较分析;同时了解是否达WHO提出的20颗牙齿的健康标准。结果排除无牙颌,符合标准纳入分类系统的共有384人。在单颌至少有10颗牙的受访者中,前牙完整的比例为30%,前磨牙区、磨牙区功能"足够"的比例分别为18%和16%。在"单颌≥10颗天然牙"等级中,余留牙和POPs数目分别为26.27±2.85和6.15±2.01;而在"单颌<10颗天然牙"等级中,该数值分别为13.37±5.52和1.14±1.52。在单颌至少有10颗天然牙的受访者中,60～69岁年龄组余留牙和POPs数目分别为27.32±2.73和6.74±1.84;80岁以上年龄组其数值分别为25.79±2.93和5.86±1.97。余留牙至少20颗的人数随着年龄的增加而显著减少。结论青岛市老年公寓的老年人未达到WHO要求的一生中至少20颗牙齿的目标,其中不到1/6的老年人满足等级分类系统所有"足够"的分类标准。需进一步加强口腔卫生宣教,改善老年人口腔功能,提高其生活质量。

Objective To investigate the tooth loss status in the aged at nursing home of Qingdao and assess if the condition reaches the standard set by WHO. Methods By employing a random method, eight nursing homes in Qingdao were selected, A survey was conducted through a questionnaire and oral examination to inspect 512 seniors for the number of their remaining teeth, type and posterior occlusion pairs （POPs）. The seniors were divided into three age groups as： 60 69, 70 79 and over 80, their remaining teeth and POPs were compared and analyzed, and to see if their condition meets the WHO standard of 20 teeth. Results Of the 512 seniors, 384 who met the criteria were enrolled. Of those visited with at least 10 teeth in each arch, the ratio of complete anterior teeth was 30%, the ratio of sufficient function in premolar and molar regions was 18% and 16%, respectively. In ＂≥10-natural tooth-in-one-arch＂ class, the remaining teeth and POPs were 26.27±2.85 and 6.15±2.01, respectively; while in ＂ 〈10-natural-tooth-in-one arch＂ class, that numbers were 13.37±5.52 and 1.14±1.52. In those with at least 10 remaining natu ral teeth in one arch visited, the numbers of remaining teeth and POPs were respective 27.32±2.73 and 6.74±1.84 in 60±69 age group, that 〉80 age group were 25.79±2.93 and 5.86±1.97. The individuals with at least 20 remaining teeth decreased along with the growing of age. Conclusion The seniors at nursing homes of Qingdao fall short of reaching the goal required by WHO that one should at least he keeping 20 teeth a lifetime. Only less.＂ than one sixth of them meet all the ＂sufficient＂ separate criteria. A further promotion of oral hygiene should be conducted to improve oral function and quality of life for the elderly.