我国职业体育反垄断法豁免制度研究

Study on Antitrust Law Exemption System of Professional Sports in China

建立我国职业体育反垄断法豁免制度直接关系到职业体育的未来发展问题,具有深远的意义。通过分析国内外职业体育反垄断法豁免制度的研究成果、国外职业体育反垄断法豁免制度和实践,以及国内职业体育的垄断现状,认为我国应建立职业体育反垄断法豁免制度,并根据职业体育的竞争性平衡、生产的特殊性、竞赛产品质量的特性、消费者福利及俱乐部之间特殊的利益关系等理论进一步论证建立职业体育反垄断法豁免制度的必要性。《反垄断法》作为豁免制度法律基础,其法宗旨与建立职业体育反垄断法豁免制度的目标具有一定的契合度,其内容也为职业体育豁免制度的建立留下了空间,这使职业体育反垄断法豁免制度的建立具有可行性。我国职业体育反垄断法豁免制度的内容应包括准入限制、赛事转播权集中出售、劳工和集体谈判、运动员流动制度等特殊垄断行为,它还应具有随着职业体育的发展而不断调整的阶段性特点。

Directly related to the future development of professional sports in China,the establishment of professional sports antitrust law exemption system is of great significance.By analyzing the research results on professional sports antitrust law exemption system at home and abroad,the exemption system and practice of foreign professional sports,as well as the monopolistic status of domestic professional sports,this paper proposes the necessity of establishing professional sports antitrust law exemption system in China,which is further demonstrated on the ground of competitive balance of professional sports,particularity of production,characteristics of event product quality,consumer welfare and special interest relations among clubs.As the legal basis of the exemption system,the legislation purpose of Antitrust Law agrees to a certain degree on the aims of professional sports antitrust exemption system establishment.And the content of Antitrust Law also leaves space for the establishment of professional sports exemption system,which points to the feasibility of its establishment.The professional sports antitrust law exemption system in China should include special monopolistic practice such as access restrictions,centralized sale of broadcasting rights,labor and collective bargaining,athletes mobility system,as well as periodic characteristics which constantly adjust with the development of professional sports.