我国优秀花样游泳运动员专项体能水平评价

Research on Evaluation System of Special Physical Fitness for Elite Synchronized Swimming Athletes in China

通过文献资料、专家访谈、实地测试、数据统计等方法对我国优秀花样游泳运动员体能水平进行诊断和评价分析。得出结论:1)从体能结构出发确定反映花样游泳运动员体能的初选指标体系,经专家筛选出身体形态指标7项,身体机能指标2项和运动素质指标9项。2)优秀花样游泳运动员的身体形态指标简易评价模型表明:花样游泳项目要求运动员应具有身材高挑、上肢较长、手掌面积宽大的特点;体型上应为肩部较宽、骨盆较窄,同时要体现出"倒锥"体形的流线型体征,但对运动员的身体成分和皮下脂肪含量要求不高。3)在专项体能指标权重系数及排序上依次为3RM颈前下拉(0.123)、核心腹桥8级(0.122)、3RM半蹲(0.118)、800 m自泳(0.116)、30s双摇(0.115)、转肩(0.11)、30s单芭蕾(0.107)、30s两头起(0.094)、右手握力(0.086)。4)对我国优秀花样游泳运动员专项体能水平进行态势诊断和差距诊断。目标挑战模型差距大小排序依次为3RM颈前下拉、腹桥8级、3RM半蹲、800m自泳、30s双摇、转肩、30s单芭蕾、30s两头起、右手握力。研究表明:在今后我国花样游泳运动员专项体能的发展问题上,应加强重视和提高肩背力量和核心稳定能力。

By adopting the research methods of literature review,expert interview,field testing and mathematical statistics,the present thesis mainly conducts a diagnosis and analysis on the physical fitness of synchronized swimming athletes in China,and reaches the following findings：1）7physique,2physical fitness and 9physical ability index are selected by experts as criteria to evaluate the fitness of synchronized swimming athletes from the initial index system based on fitness structure;2）simple evaluation model of physique index for elite synchronized swimming athletes indicates that elite synchronized swimming athletes are supposed to have tall figures,long upper limbs,wide palm area,wide shoulders,narrow pelvis and an＂inverse cone＂streamline physique,whereas it does not propose strict standard on body composition and subcutaneous fat content;3）the coefficient and order of special physical fitness index proportion ranges like：3RM pre-neck pull-down（0.123）,core abdomen bridge 8th grade（0.122）,3RM half squat（0.118）,800mfreestyle swimming（0.116）,30sdouble roll（0.115）,shoulder turning（0.11）,30ssingle ballet（0.107）,30sV up（0.094）,right hand grip（0.086）;4）trend and gap diagnoses are conducted on the special physical fitness of synchronized swimming athletes in China,and the target challenge model gap sizes are in the order of：3RM pre-neck pull-down,core abdomen bridge 8th grade,3RM half squat,800mfreestyle swimming,30sdouble roll,shoulder turning,30ssingle ballet,30sV up and right hand grip.The results show that shoulder strength and core stability should be attached greater importance in special physical fitness development of elite synchronized swimming athletes in China in the future.