一般信任模式的跨部门差异及其中介机制 基于2010年中国综合社会调查的研究

Cross-Sector Differences in Generalized Trust and Mediation Mechanisms:Research Based on CGSS2010

本文基于"市场"与"国家再分配"两种不同制度环境的讨论,利用中国综合社会调查2010年的数据,运用倾向值匹配方法处理潜在的选择性误差,考察了不同部门中个体的一般信任水平。结果显示,相比私有部门(外资企业和私营企业),在公共部门中工作的个体呈现了更高的一般信任水平。进一步的分析表明,政治参与水平和相对剥夺感作为中介于工作部门与一般信任水平之间的解释机制是显著的,在公共部门中工作的个体不仅在态度上对内在政治效能感有更高的认定,而且也能积极参与居委会社区的选举。这些特征极大提升了他们的一般信任水平。此外,公共部门中的个体在社会地位与经济地位上所持有的较低的相对剥夺感也有助于其建立更高的一般信任水平。

The market system and the state redistribution system, the two fundamental institutional environments in current China, are the focal theme in the academic research on the Chinese society in transition, both at home and abroad. Based on previous discussions on these two types of institutional environments, this study shifted attention from life opportunities to individuals＇ generalized trust as a function of different institutional contexts. Using propensity score matching to deal with potential selection biases, this study analyzed the data from Chinese General Social Survey 2010, which revealed significant effects of institutional contexts on individuals＇ generalized trust. In particular, employees in the public sector, as compared with those in the private sector （foreign-invested and privately owned enterprises）, had higher levels of generalized trust, which reflected the nonmaterial consequences of different institutional arrangements in China. Further mediation tests indicated that political participation and relative deprivation significantly mediated between employment sectors and generalized trust. Those who worked in the public sector possessed a higher level of internal political efficacy and were more likely to get involved in community voting. Such an attitude and behavioral participation promoted their propensity of trusting generalized others. The lower level of their relative deprivation in regards to social and economic status also helped with building their higher generalized trust.