雏鸡舍氨气的原位无动力生物滤器处理试验

In-situ Unpowered Biofiltration of Ammonia Gas in Chick Houses

针对室外生物滤器受气候条件影响、维护成本高及我国雏鸡舍密闭加温通风少而导致氨气浓度高危害大等问题,研究无动力生物滤器原位处理雏鸡舍氨气的效果,分析了内外基质氮元素、pH值、电导率(EC)等指标的变化。为期37 d与育雏期生产同步的试验表明,生物滤器的表层基质氨气去除能力不低于4.03 g/kg,吸收氨氮含量最高达1.59 g/kg,转化硝氮含量最高达2.69 g/kg,亚硝氮含量几乎为0,基质pH值不断下降,变化范围为8.81～7.39,电导率不断上升,最大上升量达2.30 mS/cm。内层基质中氨氮、硝氮与总无机氮含量和电导率均低于表层基质,需要进一步优化基质厚度。结果表明,原位无动力生物滤器氨气处理效果好,可应用于育雏舍污染气体控制。

Great hazards could be easily caused by high concentrations of ammonia in chick houses, which are almost inclosed and heated up with low ventilation rate. A technology of in-situ unpowered biofihration was studied to remove ammonia gas in chick houses. Analytical parameters included inorganic nitrogen compounds, pH value, and electrical conductivity （EC） of the superficial and inner media. Results of 37 d operation in synchronization with a whole circle for chick brooding showed that, in the superficial media, the maximum ammonia elimination capacity was higher than 4.03 g/kg, the maximum ammonium nitrogen absorption ability achieved 1.59 g/kg, the highest nitrate nitrogen content achieved 2.69 g/kg, and nitrite nitrogen content was nearly 0, pH value showed a decreasing trend in the range of 8.81-7.39, and EC kept increasing with the highest increment of 2.30 mS/cm. However, the contents of ammonium, nitrate and total inorganic nitrogen as well as EC in inner media were far lower than those in superficial media. It suggested that further work should be done towards optimization of media depth setting. In conclusion, in-situ unpowered biofilter exhibited high ammonia elimination capacity and could be applied for contaminated air degradation in chick houses.