秸秆覆盖和灌水量对枸杞生长和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of straw mulch and irrigation on growth and water use efficiency of Lycium

为确定适宜引黄灌区枸杞灌溉生产模式,在甘肃省景泰县玉杰枸杞种植园进行了秸秆覆盖和灌水试验研究。试验以三年生宁杞1号为研究对象,设秸秆覆盖下灌溉定额7840m3.hm-2(T1)、6270m3.hm-2(T2)、4 705m3.hm-2(T3)处理,无覆盖措施、灌溉定额为7 840m3.hm-2(CK)处理为对照,测定和分析了新梢生长量、耗水量、产量和水分利用效率等指标。结果表明:(1)新梢生长量随灌溉定额的增大而增大,T1处理的新梢生长量显著高于(P<0.05)其余处理,T3和对照CK处理差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)灌溉定额与枸杞干果产量没有呈现出正相关,产量大小依次为:T2>T1>CK>T3,其中T2处理达到2 598.32 kg.hm-2;(3)水分利用效率以T2处理最高,为2.32kg.mm-1.hm-2,依次较CK、T1和T3处理提高了52.6%、24.7%和25.4%,差异显著(P<0.05);(4)T2处理的耗水量(1 121.36mm)显著低于(P<0.05)CK和T1处理。灌溉定额为6270m3.hm-2且采取秸秆覆盖处理是一种最优的枸杞节水增产水分管理模式。

In order to determine a suitable irrigation mode for Lycium in Yellow River irrigation area,four treatments of straw mulching and irrigation were tested on Lycium of three-year old,Ningqi 1,in Jingtai yujie plantation.CK as control,had no straw mulch coverage with an irrigation quota of 7 840 m3·hm-2.T1 to T3 treatment had straw mulch,and irrigation quota were 7 840 m3·hm-2,6 270 m3·hm-2,and 4 705 m3·hm-2 respectively.Shoot growth,water consumption,yield,and water use efficiency were measured and calculated.The results showed that：（1） Lycium shoot growth increased with rise of irrigation quota,shoot growth of Lycium in T1 treatment was significantly higher（P0.05） than in other treatments.There no significant difference between CK and T3（P0.05）;（2） There were no positive correlation between irrigation quota and dried Lycium production.The order of Lycium yield with different treatments was T2T1CKT3.T2 treatment gained the highest yield,reached 5 168.39 kg·hm-2;（3） T2 treatment gained the highest water use efficiency,which was 4.61 kg·mm-1·hm-2.Compared to CK、T1 and T3 treatment,water use efficiency was increased 52.6%,24.7% and 25.4%,respectively.（4） Water consumption in T2 treatment reached 1 121.36 mm,which was significant lower than in CK and T1 treatment;In conclusion,T2 treatment,straw mulch combined with the irrigation quota of 6 270 m3·hm-2,was the best mode for enhance the Lycium yield and for water-saving irrigation.