地理学视角下的独立工矿区研究

Geographical research on isolated mining and industrial areas

独立工矿区是因矿产资源开发而兴起,以资源开采加工为主导产业,矿业职工及其家属为居民主体,远离人口集聚区,经济社会功能相对独立的区域。独立工矿区作为重要的能源资源供给地,为国家经济建设和社会发展做出了重要贡献,但现在却成为当前全国经济发展方式转型过程中不平衡、不协调和不可持续的问题最为集中的地区之一。本文按照"从实践中总结理论"的思路,基于实地调研资料和既往研究成果,结合现有界定标准和相关概念的差异,对独立工矿区的概念进行辨析;并应用经济成长周期、地域生产综合体和演化经济地理等相关理论,分析了独立工矿区形成和发展的特征和规律,认为其本质上是资源丰富地区内部与外部系统之间相互作用和协调的结果;独立工矿区未来需以社会、经济和生态环境的协调为目标,立足其自身属性,实现多元化发展或特色发展。最后,对独立工矿区的未来研究方向进行了展望,主要包括独立工矿区界定标准的量化、资源环境承载力评价、地域功能演化机理研究和可持续发展模式的探讨。

With the social and economic development since the founding of PRC,numerous projects were initiated by the government at all levels to meet the increasing demand for energy and minimal resource,leading to the formation of resource exploitation and processing industry.Isolated mining and industrial area（IMIA）,which evolved from long term exploitation of mineral resources in resource-rich regions,has made huge contributions to the social and economic development of China as a base of resource supply.After a great deal of achievements,however,the development of IMIA gradually slowed down in terms of diversified industrial development,equalization of public services,and integration of regional development,due to various historical restrictions.In addition to the IMIA related problems such as resource depletion,social,economic and ecological issues,the sustainable development of IMIA itself has become a critical management issue for the government at all levels.To date,few studies have comprehensively investigated the issues associated with IMIA formation and development.Limited studies,however,have focused on the reasons behind the problems caused by IMIA development,without investigating the basic theories of IMIA,which leads to various issues during the process of implementing IMIA.Thus,this paper aims to fill in the gaps between practice and theory of IMIA and put forward some basic theories concerning IMIA formation and development.In this paper,based on previous studies,the concept of IMIA was first reviewed,evaluated and defined.IMIA is an area that evolved from long term exploitation of mineral resources in a resource-rich region and is characterized by resource exploitation and processing as a leading industry,workers and their families being as main residents,and being far away from a city.Then,characteristics and changing patterns of formation and development of IMIA were investigated based on observation dataset,theories of economy development cycles,territorial production complex and evolutionary economic geography.It was found that formation and development of IMIA,in essence,resulted from the interactions between internal and external forces in a resource-rich region.Finally,the development path and mode for IMIA was analyzed and discussed.We emphasize the need to better deal with social,economic and ecological development in an integrative manner.Quantification of IMIA definition standard,evaluation of bearing capacity of resource and environment,mechanisms of regional function evolution and mode of sustainable development,will be further examined in our future study.