棉花抗黄萎病育种研究进展

The Progress on the Breeding of Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Cotton

归纳了近十年来棉花抗黄萎病育种的研究成果和进展,指出目前防治黄萎病最有效、最可行的方法就是培育棉花的抗病品种,分析了抗病育种工作中存在的问题,得到了目前主要存在的5大问题:(1)缺乏陆地棉高抗抗源;(2)抗黄萎病育种周期长,且方法单一;(3)抗性遗传规律不清、基础狭窄;(4)分子标记辅助选择在抗病育种中的局限性;(5)抗病性鉴定方法欠缺。探讨了对现存问题的解决方法,认为可以通过以下几种方法:(1)通过远缘杂交,并结合多代回交和定向选择的方法创造新物种;(2)可以采用物理、化学、分子诱变等手段创造新材料;(3)可以通过现代生物技术,培育抗性材料;(4)可以只导入所需的抗性基因或采用RNAi技术培育抗性植株。同时对今后育种研究的方向进行了展望。国内外研究者已经通过各种育种手段培育出抗病品种,取得了一定进展,但至今尚无可以应用于生产实践的真正意义上的高抗黄萎病陆地棉品种。

This paper concluded the achievements and progress of anti-verticillium breeding in recent 10 years, and indicated that the most effective and feasible method to control verticillium wilt was planting disease-resistant varieties of cotton currently. This paper also analyzed the problems in anti-verticillium breeding, and obtained five main problems as follows：（1） Lack of upland cotton anti-source of high resistance;（2）The cycle of anti-verticillium breeding was long and the breeding method was single;（3） The discipline of genetic resistance was not clear and the basis of genetic resistence was narrow;（4） Molecular marker assisted selection existed a lot of limitations in anti-verticillium breeding; （5） The identification methods of anti-verticillium was defected. This paper discussed the way to deal with the problems as follows：（1） Through the distant hybridization, and combined with many generations of backcross and directional selection to create new species;（2） Using physical chemical and molecular mutagenesis or other means to create new materials;（3） Through the modern biological technology, cultivate new resistance materials; （4） Only importing the resistance gene or using RNAi technology to cultivate resistance plants. At the same time the paper prospected the direction of the future research in anti-verticillium breeding. Researchers had been fostered many new disease-resistance varieties by various breeding ways, but there was lack of varieties which are true and high disease-resistant in cotton production.