黔中地区覆膜盖土对马铃薯商品薯产量及经济性状的影响

Influence of Plastic Film Mulching Methods on Yield and Economic Characters in Commercial Potato

为了探索覆膜盖土栽培对黔中地区马铃薯商品薯产量及经济性状的影响,以‘宣薯2号’为材料,研究了不同大小的整薯、不同膜色和盖土方式对土壤温度、湿度、出苗天数、马铃薯商品薯产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明:黔中地区覆白膜和白膜盖土栽培在出苗前、苗期具有增温保湿的效果,土壤温度比对照高0.42～6.84℃,湿度比对照提高1.64%～18.95%,出苗快、成熟早;中后期覆膜盖土栽培能有效降低土层湿度和温度,特别是成熟期土层湿度比对照降低了5.93%～6.4%,有效降低了烂薯率,商品薯产量比对照增产25.96%;采用30g左右小薯能大幅度降低种薯用量,降低生产成本,取得最大经济效益。因此,采用小薯覆白膜盖土栽培能有效的提高马铃薯商品薯产量,经济效益最高。

In order to explore the influence of the film mulching and soil covering cultivation to the commercial potato yield and economic characters in central Guizhou Province, this experiment used‘Xuanshu 2’as the material, studied the influence of the different size potato, the different color of the film and the type of soil covering to the soil warm, the humidity, the number of days of seeding emergence, the commercial potato yield and economic characters. The results indicated that, the film mulching and soil covering cultivation turned out to be useful for temperature-increasing and moisturizing before and during seedling emergence in central Guizhou Province, the soil temperature ratio compared high 0.42-6.84℃ , the humidity enhanced 1.64%-18.95%, emerges and maturing quickly. Mid and late seedling emergence could reduce the soil layer humidity and the temperature effectively, specially soil layer humidity reduced 5.93%-6.4% in the mature period, reduced the rotten potato rate effectively, the commercial potato productive ratio comparison increased 25.96%. Using about 30 g the small potato could reduce the seed tuber amount used, reduce the production cost, obtain the maximum economic efficiency. Therefore, using small potato with the white film mulching and soil covering cultivation can effective enhance the commercial potato yield, the economic efficiency is the highest.