面神经主干的应用解剖学研究

Applied anatomical study on the facial nerve trunk

目的对面神经主干的位置进行具体量化,为相关手术防止神经损伤提供应用解剖学依据。方法采用腮腺改良术切口,对15具(30侧)经福尔马林固定的成人男尸的腮腺咬肌区进行精细解剖,分离修洁面神经主干及其分支,用游标卡尺测量面神经主干各项数据并运用表盘技术在头部标本上进行面神经主干的定位观察,以上数据均做统计学处理。结果面神经主干分叉前宽度为(3.49±0.52)mm,出茎乳孔部至分叉处长度为(19.37±0.70)mm,平乳突尖平面面神经距乳突外缘深度为(20.84±1.45)mm,面神经主干走行位于表盘的7-8点之间(36.5±4.4)°。结论用简便易行的方法对面神经主干进行了解剖、测量和定位,为临床腮腺手术中循顺行法剥离面神经主干及其分支提供了解剖学依据。

Objective To quantify the location of the facial nerve trunk concretely,which will provide an anatomy foundation for avoiding the damages to the nerve during the corresponding operations. Methods The parotideomasseteric regions in 15 male adult human cadaver heads（30 sides） were fine dissected via improved parotidectomy incision.Then the facial nerve trunk and its branches were separated,repaired and cleaned attentively.Moreover,the various data of the facial nerve trunk on the head specimens were measured and located by a venire caliper and a dial positioning method.The data above mentioned were processed by statistics. Results The diameter at the bifurcation was（3.49±0.52）mm,the length of the facial nerve trunk from the stylomastoid foramen to the bifurcation was（19.37±0.70）mm and the distance,namely the depth,of the facial nerve trunk vertically below the mastoid outer edge was（20.84±1.44）mm.Moreover,the direction of the facial nerve trunk was mainly located between 7 and 8 o＇clock[（36.5±4.4）°]. Conclusion Dissecting,measuring and locating the facial nerve trunk with a simple and easy method provides an anatomic basis for avoiding the injury of the facial nerve trunk and its branches in antegrade dissection during clinical operation on parotid gland.