新型茶园专用有机肥改良土壤酸化的综合效果

Comprehensive effects of new tea garden specialty organic fertilizer improved soil acidification

以习惯施肥作对照,试验了新型茶园专用有机肥(以茶渣、中草药渣为主要原料)在改良土壤酸化,促进土壤养分均衡,提高茶叶产量、品质以及经济效益等方面的综合效果。结果表明,与习惯施肥相比,施用茶园专用有机肥使土壤pH值比基础值提高了0.14-0.54,改良土壤酸化效果显著;而习惯施肥则使土壤pH值比基础值下降了0.27-0.40,加剧土壤酸化趋势。就土壤养分效应而言,在同等养分用量条件下,茶园专用有机肥速效养分利用效率显著高于习惯施肥,缓效养分供应能力与习惯施肥无显著差异,增加了土壤矿质元素供应。施用茶园专用有机肥可使茶鲜叶中的茶多酚、咖啡碱、水浸出物、可溶性糖含量有不同程度增加;金萱和英红九号产量分别增加6.4%和7.8%,增产提质作用明显。在经济效益上,施用茶园专用有机肥的净产值显著高于习惯施肥,增效幅度达6.5%-7.9%,平均每667 m2增收1 249-6 544元。

Conventional fertilization as control, studied the comprehensive effects of a new tea garden specialty organic fertilizer such as improved soil acidification, promoted soil nutrient balance, improved tea production, quality and economic benefits. The results show that, compared with conventional fertilization, application of the tea garden specialty organic fertilizer increased soil pH by 0.14-0.54 compared with baseline, significantly improved soil acidification effects; conventional fertilization decreased soil pH by 0.27-0.40 compared with baseline, exacerbated soil acidification trends. In terms of soil nutrient effect, under the condition of the same nutrient amount, quick-acting nutrient use efficiency of tea garden specialty organic fertilizer is significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization; slow-releasing nutrients supply ability had no significant difference between two fertilization treatments, and increased the supply of mineral elements in the soil. Application specialty tea garden organic fertilizer can significantly enhance tea quality and production. Compared with conventional fertilization, application tea garden specialty organic fertilizer can make fresh tea leaves, tea polyphenols, caffeine and water extract, soluble sugar content increased to different extent. Compared with the control, the tea yields of tea garden Jinxuan and Yinghong 9 increased by 6.4% and 7.8% respectively. On the economic benefits, the net output of application tea garden specialty organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization, efficiency by 6.5%-7.9%, unit area increase income of 1 249 Yuan to 6 544 Yuan per 667 m2.