“父为子隐,子为父隐”是父子互相纠正错误吗?——《论语》“父子互隐”章“新证”之检讨

Mutual Concealment or Mutual Correction ?: The New Interpretation of Mutual Concealment in the Analects of Confucius re-examined

将《论语》"父为子隐,子为父隐"的"隐"理解为"檃栝"之檃,解释为纠正,既没有文字的根据,也不符合早期儒家思想的实际,是不能成立的。破解"父子互隐"章的关键是在"直在其中"一句的"直"字,而不是"隐"字。上博简《内礼》"隐而任之,如从己起"有助于理解在父母不接受谏诤时,儒家化解道义与亲情矛盾的态度。儒家鼓励子女替父母承担过错,但并不主张将其公之于众,使父母蒙羞受辱。研究儒家思想,不可将自己的观念强加古人。

Abstract. It is unlikely to elicit linguistic evidence to interpret the character Yin（implicit） in the sen- tence that father should conceal something undesirable for his son and vice versa as ＂correcting the fault＂ in the Analects of Confucius, which can neither be justified in the actual tradition of early Confucianism. The meaning of character Zhi（straighO instead of Yin（implicit） is crucial to our understanding of the sen- tence. The sentence that children should take the consequences of parents＇ mistakes as their own obliga- tions in the Inner Rites might help to understand Confucian attitude to the clash between moral justice and blood kinship. Confucianism urges that children should bear the responsibility for parents＇ mistakes rather than make them public and incur unnecessary humiliation. One should not impose his or her own fanciful i- deas on Confucian forebears.