朱熹:因中原文献之传而编辑宋儒理学之大成——兼论朱熹与吕祖谦的编辑架构思想

The Central Plains Documentary and the Editing Achievements of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty: As Regards the Editing Structure Thoughts of Zhu Xi and Lv Zuqian

朱熹是继孔子编创"六经"图书结构之后,出现于南宋的又一位编辑大师。他通过编创《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》和《近思录》等,开创了双重的"四书"图书结构。他将中国传统儒学体系推进到一个新的理学高峰,并影响其后880多年。这个图书结构的缔造成功,一是得力于嵩伊河洛大量"中原文献之传",二是得力于北宋众多学子特别是北宋"四子"理学研究的创新。在中国学术发展史上,形成了儒学"中兴"与文化"转型"的局面。但因宋代"变法"与"守持"、复兴统一与抱残独撑的朋党权力斗争,绑架了学术论著的编辑出版,特别是南宋庆元年间政坛引发的对程朱理学的攻讦挞伐,造成了宋元明清以来史上精神焚坑式的编辑出版学案。

Zhu Xi was an outstanding editor in Southern Song dynasty after Confucius arranging and editing the ＂Six Meridians＂. As he edited the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Jinsilu （Reflections on Things of Hand）, he has created the dual ＂Four Books＂ structure, pushing the Chinese traditional Confucianism system to a new level of neo-Confucianism that had influenced in the 880 years afterwards. Two factors making contributions to creating this structure： one is the considerable amounts of documentaries in central plains; the other is the creative fruits of neo-Confucianism made by Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and Zhang Zai in Northern Song dynasty. Thus resurgent idea of Confucianism and cultural transformation formed in Chinese systematic learning history. However, the editing and publishing of dissertations were fettered by the contradictions between political reforms and conservative thoughts as well as the power struggle between revitalization and reunification trends and remaining parties. Especially from 1195 to 1200 （Qingyuan years in Southern Song dynasty）, the politics brought about the compiling and publishing case of burn books and bury alive Confucian scholars by exposing the weakness of neo-Confucianism.