黑格尔国家观刍议

A Discussion of Hegel’s View of State

黑格尔一方面因其国家观强调君主制而被诟病为鼓吹君主制的普鲁士国家官方哲学家,另一方面因其构筑的恢宏庞大的国家以及一套缜密的内部政治制度而被认为提供了一个乌托邦国家方案。而事实上,黑格尔的国家观为我们展示了国家的合理性。黑格尔认为,工业革命后的近代人缺失了人的普遍性,因此,他对古希腊特别是雅典城邦充满敬意。尽管如此,黑格尔并非厚古薄今。黑格尔早年通过诉诸宗教试图解决特殊性原则与普遍性原则分裂的境况,无果后他借助英国古典政治经济学对市民社会的透视将复兴人的普遍性这一古典理想寄托于国家。黑格尔所论的国家,是既能扬弃近代市民社会的特殊性原则,又能实现特殊性原则与普遍性原则相统一的伦理实体。

On the one hand, Hegel was criticized as the official philosopher of Prussia because of its state philosophy; on the other hand, because of the grand and huge state and a set of rigorous internal political system, he was considered to provide a utopian national program. In fact, he showed the reasonableness of the state for us. Hegel respected the ancient Greece especially Athens which shaped the universality missed by people after the Industrial Revolution. Nevertheless, Hegel didn＇ t prefer what was ancient to what was modern. In the early years, Hegel attempted to solve the issue of dividing between the particularity and universality by appealing to religion. Then, with the help of British classical political economy, he placed the classical ideal on the state which sublimates the particularity of the modern civil society and achieves the ethical unity of particularity and universality.