试析清初刘献廷的广阳之学

An Analysis of Liu Xianting's Scholarly Research in Early Qing Dynasty

作为遗民子弟,刘献廷极力表彰忠烈豪侠,鄙视降清的变节者。刘献廷治学涉猎广泛,对农政、水利、历法、算学、地理、音韵等方面皆有研究;眼界开阔,强调做学问要经世致用,利济天下后世。他鄙视腐儒章句,批评士人大多知古而不知今。其声韵学,总结了满语、蒙语以及梵语、拉丁语等多种语言的发音规律。其治学志趣高远,超越时人,惜著述大多不传,学术后继无人,这不仅反映了经世致用学风在清初政治社会生态中的境遇,而且他"会通中西"的治学视野也反映了当时西学东渐对传统学术的影响。

As one of descendants of the Ming loyalists,Liu Xianting strongly commended the valiant and dis-dained the apostate. He had a wide range of scholarly interest and broad academic vision, which covered agriculture, water conservancy, calendar, mathematics, geography, phonology, etc. Especially his phonology study summarized the pronunciation rules of Manchu, Mongolian, Sanskrit ,Latin and other languages. He despised the old pedant, stressing that the scholarship should pay attention to reality. He had academic ambition and scholarly thinking ahead of time. Unfortunately he had no successor, and his writings rarely spread as well, which not only reflected humanis- tic pragmatism in political and soeio-ecological environment of the early Qing Dynasty, but also the impact of West-ern learning on Chinese traditional academics.