重庆南岸地区急性呼吸道感染儿童肺炎支原体临床感染特点分析

Analysis of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with acute respiratory infection in Chongqing Nanan area

目的了解2010～2011年重庆南岸地区急性呼吸道感染儿童肺炎支原体(MP)的感染特点及流行规律,为MP感染的防治提供依据。方法收集重庆市第五人民医院儿科2010年12月至2011年11月急性呼吸道感染患儿的血清标本256例,采用肺炎支原体血清学抗体(MP-IgM)检测试剂进行血清MP-IgM检测,对不同季节、年龄及性别MP感染患儿的发病情况进行统计。结果检测MP-IgM阳性78例,阳性率为30.5%。MP阳性患儿中,39.7%(31/78)为4～7岁的学龄前儿童,不同年龄组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MP感染一年四季均可发生,但具有季节性差异,秋冬季感染率最高。MP感染的临床诊断主要为大叶性肺炎和节段性肺炎28例(35.9%)、间质性肺炎23例(29.5%)。临床表现主要为发热(56.4%)、咳嗽(98.5%)、喘息(35.9%)、气促(67.7%)等,但肺部体征不明显。结论 MP感染是重庆南岸地区儿童呼吸道感染的主要病因之一,其感染率有增高趋势,临床需加强对MP感染的防治。

Objective To understand acute respiratory infections in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae（MP） infection characteristics and epidemic rule in Chongqing area since December 2010 to November 2011,and provide basis for the prevention and treatment of MP infection.Methods From December 2010 to November 2011,serum specimens were collected from children with pediatric acute respiratory infection in 256 cases.The Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody were used to detect serum MP-IgM.Statistics of different season,age and sex of children with MP infection.Results MP-IgM positive in 78 cases,the positive rate was 30.5%.In MP positive patients,preschool children from 4 to 7 years of age accounted for 39.7%（31/78）.Comparison of different age groups,the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.MP infection could occur within one year but with seasonal difference.The highest infection rate in autumn and winter.The clinical diagnosis of MP infection mainly for 28 cases of lobar and segmental pneumonia（35.9%） and interstitial pneumonia in 23 cases（29.5%）.The main clinical manifestations were fever（56.4%）,cough（98.5%）,wheezing（35.9%）,shortness of breath（67.7%）,but no obvious signs in lungs.Conclusion MP infection is one of the main causes of respiratory tract infection in children in Chongqing area.Infection rate has a tendency to increase.,and need to strengthen the prevention and treatment of MP infection in clinic.