晋西黄土高原不同地类土壤抗冲性研究

Soil Erosion Resistance of Different Land Uses in Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province

以晋西黄土高原不同林龄的油松林地为研究对象,以荒草地和农地为对照,以地表径流的泥沙含量为指标,采用野外实地放水冲刷法,对不同林龄油松林地的土壤抗冲性进行研究,分析坡度、林龄、枯落物、生物多样性指数对土壤抗冲性的影响。结果表明:(1)油松林地的土壤抗冲性大于荒草地和农地的土壤抗冲性;(2)坡度对油松林地的土壤抗冲性有较大影响,土壤抗冲性随着坡度的增加而减弱;(3)在一定坡度下,随着林龄的增加土壤抗冲性增强;(4)枯落物对油松林地的土壤抗冲性有显著影响,去除枯落物的油松林地土壤抗冲性明显小于有枯落物的油松林地,土壤抗冲性随着枯落物厚度的增加而增强;(5)生物多样性和土壤抗冲性关系密切,林地土壤抗冲性随多样性指数的增大而增强。

Taking Pinus tabulaeformis forest at different age stages in Loess Plateau of western Shanxi province as the research object,the article selected grassland and farmland as comparison and the silt content of surface runoff as the indicator,so as to research soil erosion resistance of P.tabulaeformis forest at different age stages by the method of artificial eroding experiment in field.The authors analyzed the influence of the slope gradient,forest age,litters and biodiversity index on the soil erosion resistance.The results showed that：（1）Soil erosion resistance of P.tabulaeformis forest was greater than that of grassland and farmland.（2）Slope gradient had a greater impact on soil erosion resistance of P.tabulaeformis forest.Soil erosion resistance reduced with increasing slope gradient.（3）At a fixed slope gradient,soil erosion resistance enhanced with increasing forest age.（4）Litters had a significant influence on soil erosion resistance of P.tabulaeformis forest,the soil erosion resistance of P.tabulaeformis forest without litters was significantly less than those within litters,and soil erosion resistance improved with increasing litter depth.（5）Biodiversity was closely related to soil erosion resistance,the soil erosion resistance of woodland enhanced with increasing biodiversity index.