中国交通对“中国制造”的要素投入影响研究

Transportation Impact on Manufacturing Industry Inputs in China

基于包含中间品要素的跨期利润函数及其动态分析框架,本文采用中国各省工业企业面板数据,通过因素误差似无关ECSUR-FGLS和空间权重方法,实证分析了中国交通对制造业生产要素投入的影响。研究发现:中国铁路客运交通能显著降低劳动力流动成本,使厂商通过劳动密集生产技术减少中间品和资本投入;公路客运交通能产生规模效应促进要素投入;但铁路货运影响并不显著,公路货运对可变生产要素投入影响为负。此外,"相邻经济"地区铁路客运导致本地要素转移的空间溢出竞争效应,但铁路货运和公路客运交通空间溢出则产生规模效应;而制造业结构接近的"相似经济"地区比相邻地区的交通空间溢出效应更为显著。

Based on manufacturing cross-province panel data in China, this paper utilizes intertemporal optimization profit function with intermediate input and dynamic analysis framework, Seemingly Unrelated Regressions with Error Components （ECSUR）-FGLS and spatial weight, to study transportation impact on inputs of manufacturing industry in China. We find that： railway passenger transport significantly reduces labor flow costs, which leads to manufacturers reducing intermediate inputs and capital by labor-intensive technology. Road passenger transport has scale economies with more factor inputs, but railway freight transport impact is not significant while road freight transport has negative impact on flow factors. In addition, the railway passenger transport in adjacent region has spillover competitive effect which leads to the transfer of local elements, while both railway freight and road passenger transport generate economies of scale. Moreover, spillover effect from similar manufacturing structure region is more significant than adjacent region.