专业化分工与广义价值论--基于消费-生产者两阶段决策方法的新框架

Complete Division of Labor and the General Theory of Value: A New Framework Based on Amended Approach of Consumer-Producers' Two-Stage Decisions

本文运用修正后的消费—生产者的一般均衡分析框架,试图为广义价值理论建立一个严谨坚实的微观基础。首先,本文在构建理论模型时,采用了"消费—生产者两阶段决策"方法,即消费—生产者首先选择最大化总产值的生产决策,继而选择最大化效用的消费决策,藉以修正新兴古典原有框架下分工模式与结构外生于消费—生产者选择行为的缺点。也就是说,在本文修正后的新兴古典框架中,分工的模式与结构是消费—生产者两阶段决策的内生结果。其次,本文不仅考虑到了市场出清条件,并且加入了部门间劳动力受产能限制下的配置条件即比较利益率相等原则,赋予了一般均衡系统更加具体且实际的经济涵义。最后,本文由生产函数的规模报酬特征和内生或外生的比较优势来定义不同的分工体系,从而使广义价值论涵盖了所有的分工体系,进而论证了无论是在可变分工、不变分工抑或是混合分工体系下,劳动价值论都只是广义价值论的一个特例。

This paper constructs a micro-foundation framework for the General Theory of Value by means of consumer- producers＇ two-stage decision approach, in which a consumer-producer at first makes his/her production decision to maximize total revenue, and consumption decision to maximize utility thereafter. The superiority in our newly amended approach over the original is that we endogenize configuration and structure of division of labor into individual choice behavior but the original doesn＇t. In our general equilibrium setting, moreover, not only are market-clearing conditions taken into account, but also allocation condition of labor force between production sectors of restrictive capacities, namely, Principle of Equivalent Rate of Comparative Advantage. In virtue of production functions＇ return-to-scale properties and endogenous/exogenous comparative advantage thereof, different division-of-labor systems are defined, and therefore described by this same theory Of value which concludes that no matter which kind of division-of-labor system it is, Marx＇s Labor Theory of Value is only a special case of ours.