土壤水分调控对滴灌春小麦产量及水分利用的影响

Impacts of Soil Water Controlling on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation

为了解滴灌条件下水分调控对春小麦产量及水分利用的影响,以新春22和新春19为试验材料,在其关键生育期:Ⅰ期(出苗-拔节期)、Ⅱ期(拔节-扬花期)、Ⅲ期(扬花-乳熟期)内进行土壤水分控制。结果表明,Ⅱ期是小麦水分调控最为关键和敏感的时期。新春22在Ⅱ期采用75%～80%、Ⅰ期和Ⅲ期采用65%～70%的土壤水分下限处理时产量和水分利用效率均显著高于其他处理,分别达6 894.2 kg/hm2和15.824 kg/(mm.hm2);而新春19在各期下限均为75%～80%时,产量和水分利用效率最高,达7 409.1 kg/hm2和14.586 kg/(mm.hm2);就整个生育期的耗水情况来看,矮秆品种新春22在不同土壤水分处理下的耗水量均低于高秆品种新春19,是个节水型品种;新春22和新春19的耗水量、水分利用效率与产量之间均呈极显著的对数关系(r2=0.85)和直线关系(r2=0.97)。

In order to study the impacts of different water controlling on wheat yield and water use under drip irrigation,water control experiments were carried out during three key growth stages：Ⅰ（seedling emergence-jointing）,Ⅱ（jointing-athesis） and Ⅲ（athesis-milk maturation stage）for spring wheat Xinchun 22 and Xinchun 19.The results showed thatⅡstage was sensitive and key to water controlling.The grain yield and water use efficiency of Xinchun 22 were significantly higher than other treatments when soil water content reached 75%-80%of field relative capacity during Ⅱstage and 65%-70% duringⅠand Ⅲstage,and the highest grain yield and water use efficiency reached 6 894.2 kg/ha and 15.824 kg/（mm · ha） respectively.While for spring wheat 19 the highest yield and water use efficiency were achieved when soil water content reached 75%-80% of field relative capacity during every stage,which were 7 409.1 kg/ha and 14.586 kg/（mm · ha）.According to soil water consumption,Xinchun 22 with short stature was a water-saving variety which consumped less water than Xinchun 19 under different water treatments.In addition,the regression analysis of Xinchun 22 and Xinchun 19 presented extremely significant logarithmic relationships between water consumption and yield,and significant linear relationships between water use efficiency and yield with determination coefficient reaching 0.85 and 0.97 respectively.