试论南朝书牍文的抒情述志类型

On the Types of Expressing Feeling and Ambition in the Epistolary Prose in Southern Dynasty

南朝书牍文体类繁杂,数量颇多,篇幅长短不一,创作意图各异,题材内容多样,但抒情述志功能在诸文中体现得极为明显。从内容上看,诸作或抒发伤悼之情,或表达隐居意趣,或阐述事理,或陈辞诉屈为己辩护,或上言谢恩,或抒故国之思以求返归,或讨论文学,或研赏书法等;从形式上看,这些书牍文以骈、散两体并行于文苑,骈体书牍文讲究形式技巧,藻采纷呈,用典繁密,音律协畅,对偶精工;散体书牍文句式灵活多样,言志抒情明确深刻。

There were a number of epistolary proses with different lengths, creative intention and varied themes and contents in Southern Dynasty. The function of expressing feeling and ambition in the epistolary prose was obvious. From the content perspective, the writings expressed sad feelings,or pointed out the interest of seclusion, or explained the meanings and truth, or elaborated gratitude feelings to the emperor, etc. From the point of view of form, the parallel style and the odd style of epistolary prose existed in the literary circles. The epistolary prose adopting parallel style had delicate form skills：luxuriant words, numerous allusions, harmonious syllables and delicate antithesis. Those epistolary prose which adopted odd style had flexible sentence types to express ambition and emotion clearly and deeply.