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从DSC曲线数据计算/确定含能材料自催化分解反应动力学参数和热爆炸临界温升速率的方法 被引量:2

Method to Determine the Kinetic Parameters of the Autocatalytic Decomposition Reaction and Critical Rate of Temperature Rise of Thermal Explosion of Energetic Materials from DSC Curves
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摘要 为应用热爆炸临界温升速率(dT/dt)Tb评价含能材料(EMs)的热安全性,得到计算(dT/dt)Tb值的基本数据,用合理的假设,由Semenov的热爆炸理论和9个自催化反应速率方程[dα/dt=Aexp(-E/RT)α(1-α)(I),dα/dt=Aexp(-E/RT)(1-α)n(1+Kcatα)(II),dα/dt=Aexp(-E/RT)[αa-(1-α)n](III),dα/dt=A1exp(-Ea1/RT)(1-α)+A2exp(-Ea2/RT)α(1-α)(IV),dα/dt=A1exp(-Ea1/RT)(1-α)m+A2exp(-Ea2/RT)αn(1-α)p(V),dα/dt=Aexp(-E/RT)·(1-α)(VI),dα/dt=Aexp(-E/RT)(1-α)n(VII),dα/dt=A1exp(-Ea1/RT)+A2exp(-Ea2/RT)(1-α)(VIII),dα/dt=A1exp(-Ea1/RT)+A2exp(-Ea2/RT)α(1-α)(IX)]导出了计算(dT/dt)Tb值的9个表达式.提出了从不同恒速升温速率(β)条件下的差示扫描量热(DSC)曲线数据计算/确定EMs自催化分解反应的动力学参数和自催化分解转向热爆炸时的(dT/dt)Tb的方法.由DSC曲线数据的分析得到了用于计算(dT/dt)Tb值的β→0时的onset温度(Te0),热爆炸临界温度(Tb)和相应于Tb时的转化率(αb).分别用线性最小二乘法和信赖域方法得到方程(I)和(VI)及方程(II)-(V)和方程(VII)-(IX)中的自催化分解反应动力学参数.用上述基础数据得到了EMs的(dT/dt)Tb值.结果表明:(1)在非等温DSC条件下硝化棉(NC,13.54%N)分解反应可用表观经验级数自催化反应速率方程dα/dt=1015.82exp(-170020/RT)(1-α)1.11+1015.82exp(-157140/RT)α1.51(1-α)2.51描述;(2)NC(13.54%N)自催化分解转向热爆炸时的(dT/dt)Tb值为0.103K·s-1. To evaluate the thermal safety of energetic materials (EMs) using the critical rate of temperature rise of thermal explosion (dTIdt)Tb and obtain basic data used to calculate (dTIdt)Tb, nine expressions to calculate (dTIdt)Tb for EMs were derived from Semenov thermal explosion theory and nine autocatalytic reaction rate equations, daldt=-Aexp(-EIRT)a(1 -e) (I), daldAexp(-EIRT)(1 -a)n(1 +Kca,a) (11), daldAexp(-E/RT) [a-(1-e)n] (111), daldt=-Alexp(-EaJRT)(1-cr)+ A2exp(-EJRT) e(1-a) (IV), dcr/dt=- Alexp(-EaJRT) (l-e)m + A2exp(-EJRT)cf(1-a)p (V), daldt=-Aexp(-EIRT) (l-e) (VI), daldt=-Aexp(-EIRT) , (1-α) (VII), deldt=Alexp(-E, JRT)+A2exp(-EJRT)(1-e) (VIII) and da/dAexp(-E, JRT)+A2exp(-EJRT)a. (l-a) (IX), using reasonable hypotheses. A method to determine the kinetic parameters in the nine autocatalytic decomposition reaction rate equations and (dTIdt)Tb of EMs when autocatalytic decomposition converts into thermal explosion from difference scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves at different heating rates (β) was presented. The onset temperature (Te0) corresponding to heating rate β→0, the critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb) and the conversion degree (ab) corresponding to Tb used in the calculation of (dTIdt)Tb were obtained from analysis of DSC curves. The kinetic parameters of the autocatalytic decomposition reactions in Eqs.(I) and (VI), and Eqs.(ll)-(V), (VII)-(IX) were estimated by the linear least-squares method and trust region approach, respectively. The values of (dTIdt)Tb for EMs were obtained from basic DSC data. Results show that (1) under non-isothermal DSC conditions, the autocatalytic decomposition reaction of nitrocotton (NC) (13.54% N) can be described by the apparent empiric-order equation da/dt=1 0's82exp(-170020/R-/-) (1 -a)TM + 10^15.82exp(-157140/RT)^α1.51(1 -a)^2.51, and (2) the value of (dTIdt)Tb for NC (13.54% N) when autocatalytic decomposition converts into thermal explosion is 0.103 K.s^-1.
出处 《物理化学学报》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第8期1623-1631,共9页 Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica
基金 国家自然科学基金(21173163)资助项目~~
关键词 临界温升速率 非等温DSC 热爆炸 硝化棉 信赖域方法 Critical rate of temperature rise Non-isothermal DSC Thermal explosion NitrocottonTrust region approach
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