广西6005例急性中毒病例的毒物特点分析

Analysis of the characteristics of toxins in 6005 cases of acute poisoning in Guangxi

【摘要】目的探讨广西地区引起急性中毒的毒物特点。方法采用回顾性研究方法，收集广西36家市级医院、12家县级医院及15家乡镇卫生院共63家医院在2005年1月至2009年12月收治的急性中毒病例与毒物资料，用“毒物中毒年份分类法”对数据进行描述性分析。结果532种毒物引起6005例急性中毒病例。将532种毒物按5年内出现的频次分为高发类（连续5年都出现）、低发类（连续2～4年出现）、新发类（仅出现1年）毒物3类，其毒物种数分别为54、158、320种（各占10．15％、29．70％、60．15％）；高发、低发、新发3类毒物造成的中毒病例总数分别为4688、780、537例（各占78．07％、12．99％、8．94％），病例分布范围分别为8—837、2．25、1～69例；77．78％（42/54）的高发类毒物造成中毒的病例数在20例以上，89．87％（142／158）的低发类和98．75％（316，320）的新发类毒物造成中毒的病例数在10例以下。5年的动态分析显示：高发、低发、新发类毒物中平均每种毒物出现的频次为5、2．6、1次；高发类毒物每年引起中毒的毒物数相同，低发、新发类毒物每年引起中毒的毒物数年均增长率分别为17．61％和20．10％，而病例分布的年均增长率分别为14．08％、16．53％、31．96％；平均每种毒物病例数的年均增长率分别为10．28％、1．13％、11．45％。结论高发类毒物的出现数量最少，造成中毒的病例数最多，每种毒物引起中毒的病例数范围大，每年以每种毒物的病例数增加为特点；新发类毒物出现数量最多，造成中毒病例数最少，每种毒物引起中毒的病例数范围小，每年以毒物数与每种毒物的病例数增加为特点；低发类毒物的特点基本上处在高发和新发类毒物之间。

Objective To investigate the toxin characteristics of toxins in patients of acute poisoning in the Guangxi area. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. The data of acute poisoning cases and the causative toxins collected from 63 hospitals of Guangxi, including 36 city hospitals, 12 county hospitals, and 15 township health centers from January 2005 to December 2009 were collected. The data were descriptively analyzed and classified by year. Results A total of 6005 cases with acute poisoning induced by 532 kinds of poisons were enrolled. The 532 kinds of toxin were classified by high-occurrence （producing poisoning for 5 continuous years）, low-occurrence （leading to poisoning for 2-4 continuous years） and newly occurred categories （leading to poisoning only in 1 year）. The numbers of poisons of these 3 categories accounted for 10.15% （54 kinds）, 29.70% （ 158 kinds）, 60.15% （320 kinds） of total number of poisons, respectively. There were 4688 （78.07%）, 780 （12.99%）, and 537 （8.94%） cases for each category respectively. And the poisoning cases of each toxin involved from 8 to 837, 2 to 25, and 1 to 69 cases respectively. 77.78% （42/54） of high-occurrence poisons affect more than 20 cases, and 89.87% （142/158）, 98.75% （316/320） of low-occurrence and new-occurrence poisons involved less than 10 cases. In the dynamic analyses for 5 years, frequency of toxin caused by high-occurrence, low-occurrence and newly occurred poisons in 5 years were 5 times, 2.6 times, and 1 time, respectively. The number of poisons caused by the high-occurrence toxin each year were same, but the average-annual growth rates of poison numbers caused by the low-occurrence and new-occurrence poisons each year were 17.61% and 20.10%. The average-annual growth rates of poisoning cases caused by the 3 categories of poisons were 14.08%, 16.53%, 31.96%, and the average-annual growth rates of poisoning cases caused by each categories were 10.28%, 1.13%, 11.45%, respectively. Conclusions In the high-occurrence category, the poison species was least, the poisoning cases were most, the variety of the affected cases by each poison was largest, and the case involved by each toxin was increased by year. But in the newly occurred category, the poison constituent ratio was largest, but the poisoning population wasthe least, the disparity of each poison was least, and the toxin increased and the population affected each year were elevated. The characteristics of low-occurrence poison were between high-occurrence poison and newly occurred poison.