滩涂贝类养殖区底质硫化物的去除及修复

Study on Restoration of Sulfide in Sediment Environment of Shellfish Mudflat Culture Areas

以滩涂现场实验与室内模拟实验相结合的途径,运用物理修复方法(翻耕、压沙加翻耕)和投放双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)的生物修复方法开展滩涂文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)养殖底质中硫化物的去除修复实验。结果表明,现场和室内物理修复实验中,翻耕和压沙加翻耕处理去除硫化物效果均达到显著水平(P<0.05),其中压沙加翻耕修复效果优于翻耕,室内翻耕30cm修复效果优于翻耕20cm。室内生物修复实验中,各沙蚕处理组较对照组均表现出了较好的硫化物修复效果,且硫化物的去除效果随沙蚕投放密度的适量增加而增强,其中0.14kg·m-2和0.21kg·m-2沙蚕组的修复效果达到显著水平(P<0.05),而当增加沙蚕投放密度至0.28kg·m-2时,硫化物的去除效果反而减弱,表明最佳沙蚕修复效果有一个适宜的密度投放值。

The sulfide in mariculture environments could not only influence directly the seawater environmental qualities, but also induce the pollution of sediment environments and result in impairments of the shellfish cultured. In this study, laboratory experiment and field experiment were used to investigate the restoration of sulfide in sediment environment of shellfish mudflat culture areas. And two methods on restoration of sediment environment were involved, one was bioremediation（the densities of Perinereis aibuhitensis were 0.07 kg·m^-2, 0.14 kg·m^-2, 0.21 kg·m^-2 and 0.28 kg·m^-2 respectively）, and the other was physical way（only beach ploughing, both covering sand and beach ploughing）. The results indicated that two physical ways had achieved significant results in both laboratory experiment and field experiment（P〈0.05）, and the result of both covering sand and beach ploughing was better than only beach ploughing in both two experiments, and the effect of ploughed 30cm was better than ploughed 20 cm in laboratory experiment. Compared with the control group of bioremediation, all density groups of Perinereis aibuhitensis reduced the concentration of sulfide in sediment environment, and the effects of 0.14 kg·m^-2 and 0.21 kg·m^-2 were prominent（P〈0.05）. The effect of Perinereis aibuhitensis was enhanced with increasing density, and 0.21 kg·m^-2 was the best treatment group（the removal percentage of sulfide was 29.31%）, however, when the density of Perinereis aibuhitensis increased to 0.28 kg·m^-2, the removal percentage of sulfide decrease（only 17.36%）.