世界市场形成、劳动力集聚与国际贫富差距扩大——基于新经济地理学与马克思国际价值理论比较的视角

Establishment of World Market,Concentration of Labor and Widening of the Gap between the Rich and the Poor

在解释世界市场的形成、劳动力集聚以及国际贫富差距等现象时,新经济地理学得出了一些创新性结论。由于阶级立场和分析方法等方面的原因,新经济地理学与马克思国际价值理论的分析结论存在一定差异性。马克思认为,世界市场的形成既是国际分工的产物,也是资本逐利本性的必然结果;劳动力集聚的实现是国际劳动力价值得以实现、劳动者与资本家利益分配动态协调的过程,是工人依附于资本家的程度得以强化的过程;不合理的国际分工体系以及严重的国际剥削是造成国际贫富差距呈现出拉大趋势的重要原因。马克思的国际价值理论与新经济地理学在分析国际分工与国际贸易等方面也存在一定的互补性,其理论和分析方法对我国当今的发展具有一定启示意义。

When explaining the establishment of the world market, the concentration of labor and widening of the gap between the rich and the poor, the new economic geography has drawn some innovative conclusion. Due to the differences in classes, method of analysis, etc, the conclusion reached by the new economic geography and Marx's theory of international value are also different. Marx believes that the establishment of world market is both the product of international labor distribution and an inevitable consequence of the capital's profit- pursuing nature, and that the realization of labor concentration is a process to realize the value of international labor and dynamic coordination between laborers and profits of the capitalists. He thinks that it is also a process to intensify the dependency of the workers on the capitalists and the unreasonable international labor distribution system and serious international exploitation are the important reasons for the widening tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor. In terms of analyzing international distribution and trade, Marx's theory of international value and the new economic geography are supplementary to each other. The theories as well as the method of analysis enlighten the current development in China in some way.