马克思“劳动解放”的真实意蕴——回应阿伦特的重大误解

The Implications of Marx's“Labour Liberation”——A Reply to the Major Misunderstanding of Arendt

以阿伦特为代表的一些哲学家对马克思的"劳动解放"思想存在着重大的误解。阿伦特认为,马克思的"劳动解放"是一个悖论,因为"劳动"只与物或自然相关,从而使人从属于必然性领域,这就与"解放"背道而驰。这种见解在理论上将劳动的自由特质阉割掉,在实践上将劳动的革命特质阉割掉,从而构成了对历史唯物主义人类解放理论的重大挑战。回应这种挑战,就必须澄清马克思"劳动解放"的真实意蕴,一是阐发劳动不同于纯粹物理动作的、作为自由自觉活动的特质,二是阐发劳动不同于国民经济学范畴的、作为改造性实践之基础的特质。

Arendt and some other philosophers have some major misunderstandings towards Marx＇s view on ＂labour liberation＂. Arendt considers Marx＇s ＂labour liberation＂ as a paradox be- cause ＂labour＂ is only connected with materials or nature which makes human beings subordina- ted to necessity field and runs counter to ＂liberation＂. This point of view cuts off labour＇s free peculiarity in theory and its revolutionary peculiarity in practice, which constitutes a major chal- lenge to the theory of human liberation of historical materialism. To meet this challenge we must clarify the implication of Marx＇s ＂labour liberation＂ by elaborating the peculiarity that labour is rather a free, conscious activity than a pure physical movement, as well as its peculiarity as a foundation of transformation practice.