基因型和2,4-D浓度对小麦不同外植体离体培养特性的影响

Study on the Effects of Genotypes and 2,4-D Concentration on in Vitro Culture Traits of Explants

为了探讨不同基因型、不同外植体和不同培养条件对小麦愈伤组织诱导、分化及再生的影响,以小偃22、西农1376、西农1012和西农1013为材料,对各小麦品种(系)的幼穗、花药、幼胚和成熟胚组织的培养特性及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,愈伤组织的诱导和再生与外植体类型、基因型和培养条件密切相关。以幼穗和花药为材料,西农1376平均出愈率均最高,达98.97%和3.85%,成苗率和花培效率均值亦最高,达12.83%和2.39%;以幼胚为材料,西农1376平均出愈率也最高,达99.27%,西农1012平均成苗率最高,达51.03%;以成熟胚为材料,小偃22平均出愈率最高,达93.22%,西农1376平均成苗率达19.78%。离体培养条件下,不同小麦品种(系)的4种外植体愈伤诱导和分化率与2,4-D浓度密切相关,1.0～3.0mg.L-1 2,4-D浓度能较好地诱导4种离体组织愈伤的产生及分化。不同基因型和同一基因型的不同外植体在2,4-D最佳诱导浓度上也有差异。供试小麦4种离体组织培养再生特性比较表明,离体幼胚培养再生效率最高,成熟胚次之,幼穗最差。

The establishment of tissue culture system is the basis of plant genetic transformation.The culture characteristics of immature inflorescence,anther,immature embryo and mature embryo tissue of various wheat varieties（lines） and influencing factors were investigated using Xiaoyan 22,Xinong 1376,Xinong 1012 and Xinong 1013 as experimental materials,to probing the effect of genotype,explants and culture condition on induction,differentiation and regeneration of wheat callus.The results showed that callus induction and regeneration were closely related to explants type,genotype and culture conditions.The young panicle and anther of Xinong 1376 were the highest with average callus induction rate of 98.97% and 3.85%,respectively;the mean frequency of regenerated plants and anther culture capacity of Xinong 1376 was also the highest with 12.83% and 2.39%,respectively.The immature embryo of Xinong 1376 was the highest in average callus induction rate and Xinong 1012 was the highest in mean frequency of regenerated plants with 99.27% and 51.03%,respectively.The mature embryo of Xiaoyan 22 was the highest with average callus induction rate of 93.22% and mean frequency of regenerated plants of 19.78%.The explants induction frequency of four wheat varieties were closely related to 2,4-D concentration,especially better effect on inducing the generation and differentiation of four tissues of wheat varieties were observed under 1.0-3.0 mg/L 2,4-D.Differences on the optimized 2,4-D induction concentration were observed among different tissues of different or the same genotypes.The analysis on the regeneration characteristics of in vitro tissue culture of the four tested wheat genotypes showed that regeneration rate of vitro immature embryo was the highest,followed by mature embryo,while young panicle had the lowest regeneration rate.