施氮模式对冬小麦花后氮素同化转运及品质性状的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Pattern on Nitrogen Assimilation and Transportation after Anthesis and Quality Traits of Winter Wheat

为给小麦高产优质栽培中氮肥的合理应用提供参考,以宁麦14号和宁麦9号为材料,在全生育期总施氮量均为225kg.hm-2条件下,设置基肥∶苗肥∶拔节肥为7∶1∶2和5∶2∶3两种施氮模式,研究了小麦花后氮素同化转运及籽粒品质性状的特点。结果表明,不同施氮模式下,小麦花后氮素的同化转运趋势基本一致,花后15d的茎鞘和叶片氮含量最高,随后迅速向籽粒转运,叶片是氮同化转运最主要的器官。与7∶1∶2施氮模式相比,5∶2∶3的施氮模式提高了花后茎鞘、叶片和籽粒的氮含量,以及旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,但施氮模式间籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、淀粉糊化参数、面筋强度和饼干加工品质差异不显著。与宁麦9号相比,宁麦14号有较高的氮同化转运能力,其花后各时期的茎鞘、叶片和籽粒的氮含量,以及旗叶NR活性均高于宁麦9号。宁麦14号的淀粉糊化参数和面筋强度显著高于宁麦9号,但饼干直径显著低于宁麦9号。说明在本研究条件下,小麦淀粉品质、面筋强度和饼干加工品质均显著受品种影响,而施氮模式及其与品种的互作对产量和品质性状均无显著影响。

The two factor random experiments were conducted to study the effect of genotype and nitrogen application pattern on nitrogen assimilation,transfer and wheat quality traits.Two genotypes（Ningmai9 and Ningmai14） and two split nitrogen application patterns with 7∶1∶2 and 5∶2∶3 on sowing,tillering and jointing date,respectively,were adopted.The similar nitrogen assimilation and transfer model was observed in two cultivars and two nitrogen application patterns.At 15 days after anthesis,the highest nitrogen content was observed in stem and leaf.Leaf has higher nitrogen content than in stem,which contribute more in nitrogen assimilation and transfer.Delaying nitrogen application increased the stem and leaf nitrogen content and nitrate reductase（NR） activity in flag leaf.However,significant differences were not observed on yield,protein content,starch pasting parameters,gluten strength and cookie quality between two nitrogen application patterns.Ningmai14 has higher ability in nitrogen assimilation and transfer,nitrogen content in stem and leaf,kernel protein content,and nitrate reductase（NR） activity in flag leaf than Ningmai9.The results also showed that Ningmai14 had higher starch pasting parameters and gluten strength,but less cookie diameter.In this study,all of quality traits were significantly affected by genotype other than by nitrogen application pattern and genotype by nitrogen application pattern.