密肥组合对稻茬晚播小麦籽粒产量和效益的影响

Effects of the Combination of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Economic Efficiency of Late-sown Wheat under Rice Stubble

为筛选适宜南方晚播稻茬中筋小麦高产高效栽培的密肥组合,以中筋小麦品种扬麦20为材料,研究了江苏淮南地区晚播(11月20日之后播种)条件下密度、施氮量、氮肥基追比对稻茬小麦籽粒产量和效益的影响。结果表明,晚播小麦密度与籽粒产量、效益均呈二次曲线关系,密度为315×104株.hm-2时,籽粒产量最高,达6 721.65～7 884.91kg.hm-2,效益达3 783.6～5 111.55元.hm-2;施氮量为270kg.hm-2时籽粒产量极显著高于施氮量210kg.hm-2处理。在本试验条件下,基本苗为315×104株.hm-2、总施氮量270kg.hm-2、基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为3∶1∶3∶3时,晚播小麦的籽粒产量和效益最高。

The optimum combination of density and nitrogen fertilizer is one of the essential factors affecting grain yield and economic efficiency.Using medium gluten wheat variety Yangmai 20 as the test material,a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of density and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and economic efficiency of production in late-sown wheat under rice-wheat cropping system.Both grain yield and economic income had a quadratic relationship with density.When density was 3.15 million per hectare,gain yield ranged from 6 721.65 to 7 884.91 kg·hm-2 and the economic income ranged from 3 783.6 to 5 111.55 yuan per hectare.Gain yield in the treatment of 270 kg N·hm-2 was significantly higher than that in the treatment of 210 kg N·hm-2.When the basic seedlings was 3.15 million per hectare,nitrogen application amount was 270 kg N·hm-2 and the ratio of nitrogen applied before sowing and at tillering,jointing and booting stages was 3∶1∶3∶3,the late-sown wheat could get the highest grain yield and economic efficiency.