灌水对不同春小麦品种产量形成及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Irrigation on Grain Yield Formation and Water Use Efficiency of Different Spring Wheat Cultivars

为给宁夏引黄灌区春小麦节水栽培提供理论依据,以6个春小麦品种(宁春4号、宁春50号、宁春47号、宁春39号、H2038和H2127)为材料,研究了二棱水(W1)、二棱水+拔节水(W2)和二棱水+拔节水+开花水(W3)3种灌水条件下春小麦产量形成及水分利用效率的差异。结果表明,灌水较少条件(W1、W2)下,宁春50号、宁春4号、H2038籽粒产量的主要物质来源于开花前营养器官贮藏同化物在花后的转运,而H2127、宁春47号、宁春39号则主要来源于开花后光合产物积累;增加灌水(W2、W3处理)有利于各春小麦品种开花前营养器官贮藏同化物向籽粒的转运,促进花后光合产物累积。增加灌水可明显增加H2038、宁春4号叶绿素含量,而后期适度灌水(W3处理)能增加宁春50号、宁春39号叶绿素含量;6个品种中,宁春47号、H2127受灌水影响较大。在生育中后期缺水条件(W1处理)下,宁春50号、宁春47号、H2127能保持较高叶面积系数;H2038、宁春4号叶面积系数随着生育后期灌水次数的增加而升高。在不同灌水条件下,籽粒产量与水分利用效率的变异系数为W1>W3>W2;同一灌水条件下H2038、宁春4号、宁春50号、宁春39号的籽粒产量、水分利用效率、灌水利用效率、抗旱指数均显著高于宁春47号和H2127,收获指数亦较高。综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用效率、灌水利用效率,H2038、宁春4号、宁春50号、宁春39号是高产、高水分利用效率及节水品种,二棱水+拔节水是春小麦获得高产和高水分利用效率的最佳灌水模式。

In order to offer theoretical basis of water saving cultivation technique for spring wheat in Yellow River Irrigation region of Ningxia,dry matter accumulation,grain yield and water use efficiency of six spring wheat cultivars（Ningchun 4,Ningchun 50,Ningchun 47,Ningchun 39,H2127,H2038） were studied through field research.There were three irrigation treatments in experiment,i.e.,one irrigation at double ridge stage（W1）,two irrigations at both double ridge and jointing stages（W2）,three irrigations at double ridge stage,jointing and anthesis stages（W3）.The results showed that under the condition of less irrigation（W1,W2）,contribution of assimilates transportation amount to kernel in Ningchun 50,Ningchun 4 and H2038 was mainly from that before anthesis,while that in H2127,Ningchun 47 and Ningchun 39 was mainly from that after anthesis.The increase of irrigation amount（W2 and W3） was favorable to the transportation of assimilate before anthesis to kernel and the accumulation of photosynthetic product after anthesis for all spring wheat,cultivars.The chlorophyll content of flag leaf at different growth stages in H2038 and Ningchun 4 was less affected by the different irrigation treatments,while the chlorophyll content in H2038 and Ningchun 4 was significantly increased under more irrigation and that in Ningchun50 and Ningchun 39 was increased by moderate irrigation at late growth stage.Under the W1 treatment,the leaf area index of Ningchun 50,Ningchun 47 and H2127 maintained higher at late growth stages,while as the leaf area index of H2038 and Ningchun4 was significantly increased under the W2 and W3 treatments.The coefficient of variation of grain yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat was observed as higher in W1,followed by W3,and W2.Under the same irrigation,grain yield,efficiency of water use,irrigation use efficiency,drought resistance index and harvest index of H2038,Ningchun 4,Ningchun 50 and Ningchun 39 were significantly higher than those of Ningchun 47 and H2127.Based on their grain yield,water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency,spring wheat cultivars of H2038,Ningchun 4,Ningchun50 and Ningchun39 were cultivars with high-yield,high water use efficiency and high potential,and their optimal irrigation was suggested as two irrigations at both double ridge stage and jointing stage.