水肥运筹对滴灌春小麦保护酶活性及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilizer Application on Protection Enzyme Activity and Yield of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation

为了解水肥运筹对滴灌春小麦旗叶保护酶活性及产量的影响,通过大田调查和小区控制试验,测定和分析了不同水肥条件下滴灌春小麦分蘖期、拔节期、灌浆期的保护酶活性、丙二醛含量及产量差异。结果表明,从分蘖期到灌浆期,适宜的水肥条件能增加滴灌春小麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。重度水分胁迫和低氮条件下,丙二醛(MDA)含量较高。水肥对产量互作效应显著,增施氮肥可提高产量。说明水肥合理配施对小麦的抗旱性具有一定的调控作用,灌水量和施肥量过高或过低均不利于小麦相关生理过程。综合考虑不同指标,全生育期灌水量为2 800～4 400m3.hm-2、氮肥施用量为450～750kg.hm-2、磷肥施用量为225～375kg.hm-2时,滴灌小麦膜脂抗氧化能力和产量表现最佳。

In order to understand the effects of irrigation and fertilizer application on protective enzyme activity and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation,field investigation combined with fertilizing experiments were conducted to analyze the activities of protection enzymes and the content of MDA at tillering stage,jointing stage,and filling stage,and to determine their yield and yield components after harvest.The results indicated that from tillering stage to filling stage,the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） were all increased under the condition with suitable water and fertilizers.The malondialdehyde（MDA） content increased overall under severe water stress and low nitrogen conditions.Reasonable water and fertilizer had certain regulation effect on wheat resistance to drought,too high or too low irrigation and fertilization all could affect the normal physiological processes of wheat.There was significant interaction effect between irrigation and fertilizer for wheat yield,increasing nitrogen could improve the output of wheat.Considering the wheat yield and other factors,the best practice was that the irrigation for whole growth period ranged in 2800～4400 m3·hm-2,nitrogen fertilizer rate ranged in 450～750 kg·hm-2,and phosphorus fertilizer rate ranged in 225～375 kg·hm-2.