“道德政治”的奠基与古典自然法

Foundations of "Moral Politics" and Classic Natural Right

按照西方哲学对于政治的原初理解,政治的最高目标和本质是道德性,即"应当存在的正义",这种应然性目标和本质表现为社会高于个人、公共善高于私利。这一原初理解在斯多葛学派的自然法理论中最先提出,并在罗马法和基督教的政治哲学中得到发展和完成。对于政治的这一原初理解奠定了西方"道德政治"的基础,并开创了西方政治理性对于政治的第一种态度,即以应然尺度而非事实尺度对政治的评价原则。这一切对于后世西方政治哲学的发展产生了决定性的影响。

According to the original understanding of Western philosophy, the highest goal and essence of politics is morality. That is ＂Ought-to-be justice＂： Society is superior to individual and public good is more important than personal interests. The original understanding for politics was initiated by the theory of natural right of Stoics, developed and accomplished by Roman law and Christian political phi- losophy. It also laid a foundation for western ＂Moral Politics＂ and created the first attitude of western political reason to politics, that is to say, it is Ought-to-be rather than fact that is the evaluating princi-ple of politics. All of these had a decisive impact on much Western political philosophy that followed.