1977—2010年青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖变化与土地资源管理

Land Use/Cover Change and Land Resources Management in the Area Around the Qinghai Lake of China in 1977-2010

青海湖流域是青海省主要牧场,也是青藏高原东北部重要的生态安全屏障。本文以1977、1987、2000、2004年和2010年遥感影像、MODIS NDVI为基础数据,通过数学模型、一元线性回归、景观格局指数的方法分析了青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖时空变化及景观格局特点,探讨了土地利用/覆盖变化的影响因素,最后提出青海湖环湖区土地资源管理建议。研究结果表明:近33年来青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖变化显著,草地、林地、水体等生态用地面积总体减少,耕地、建设用地、未利用地面积逐渐增加,土地利用/覆盖变化整体处于不平衡态,单向转换频繁;植被覆盖度总体微弱增加,变化趋势具有空间差异性;由于人类的定向选择,草地景观类型退化,景观格局趋向破碎化;土地利用/覆盖与景观格局变化是环湖区气温升高、降水增加、载畜量超载、旅游等因素共同作用的结果;基于土地利用/覆盖变化特点和影响因素,提出创建"生态友好"型土地资源管理模式,实现人地关系协调发展。

Qinghai Lake Basin is the main grassland of Qinghai Province and the ecological security base of the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on landsat remote sensing images in 1977,1987,2000,2004 and 2010 and MODIS NDVI data in 2001-2010 of this region,in this article,we analyze the temporal changes of land use/cover and landscape pattern,explore land use/cover change impact factors through mathematical models,linear regression analysis and landscape pattern index,finally put forward some suggestions for the sustainable development of land resources in the region.Results showed that land use/cover changed significantly around Qinghai Lake in recent 33 years.Grassland,woodland,water area and some other ecological land reduced overall;farmland,construction land,non-use land increased gradually.In general,land use/cover change was in a unbalanced state.Vegetation coverage increased slightly with spatial differences.Grassland degraded and its landscape pattern presented fragmentation due to human directional selection.The land use/cover change resulted from temperature increase,precipitation increase,stocking overload and tourism in the Qinghai Lake area.Based on analysis of land use/cover change characteristics and the influencing factors,this article proposes a ＂eco-friendly＂ land resource management model to coordinate the relationship between people and land.