青少年早期自尊与抑郁的交叉滞后分析:检验易感模型和创伤模型

Cross-Lagged Regression Analysis of Relationship between Self-esteem and Depression in Early Adolescents:Test of Vulnerability Model and Scar Model

本研究以初一年级598名青少年为研究对象,采用三年追踪设计,运用交叉滞后回归分析,控制变量的先前水平,旨在揭示青少年早期自尊与抑郁的相互影响,检验易感模型和创伤模型。结果发现,对于青少年样本总体来说,第一、二学年抑郁各自能显著负向预测第二、三学年自尊,支持创伤模型;同时第二学年自尊又能显著负向预测第三学年抑郁,支持易感模型。对于女生而言,其自尊与抑郁之间的关系与样本总体相同,既支持易感模型,又支持创伤模型;对于男生而言,仅发现其第二学年抑郁能显著负向预测第三学年自尊,支持创伤模型。这些结果表明青少年早期的自尊与抑郁存在双向的相互影响,易感模型和创伤模型同时起作用,而且这种影响存在显著的性别差异。

The present 3-year longitudinal study aimed to explore reciprocal relations between self-esteem and depression in early adolescents after controlled for prior levels of both variables and test vulnerability model and scar model where the vulnerability model hypothesizes that low self-esteem serves as a risk factor for depression and the scar model hypothesizes that low self-esteem is an outcome, not a cause, of depression. Self-esteem and depression were measured with Rosenberg self-esteem scale and children＇ s depression inventory-short version in 598 adolescents from Nanjing junior middle school at Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3. Cross-lagged regression analyses for the total samples showed that depression at Grade 1 negatively predicted self-esteem at Grade 2; moreover, depression at Grade 2 also negatively predicted self-esteem at Grade 3 and simultaneously self-esteem at Grade 2 negatively predicted depression at Grade 3. These results indicated that the two variables were reciprocally related to each other and their reciprocal relation varied with time and that vulnerability model and scar model are not mutually exclusive and can operate simultaneously. Additionally, there was a significant gender difference in the causality between self-esteem and depression among early adolescents. The gender difference showed a time-dependence. For girls, the causality between self-esteem and depression was the same as the total samples. In contrast, only depression at Grade 2 negatively predicted self-esteem at Grade 3 for boys.