收获信任与温暖的新潮旅游群体——对沙发客的初步研究

The New and Fashionable Tourist Group Who Obtain the Confidence and Warmth:An Elementary Research on Couchsurfer

源于欧美的沙发冲浪是一种新颖时尚的互助旅游方式。相比于传统的旅游模式,基于网络信任的沙发冲浪具有情感投入、体验充分、成本低廉等特点。借助ROST WordParser词频分析软件,通过对相关沙发客网站的文本内容进行分析,总结出沙发客旅游行为的50个高频词汇,并归纳为动机、感知、活动、交通方式、沙发城市、游玩地点等六大类目。研究发现,"朋友"和"温暖"在文本词汇中出现频率最高,结交朋友、扩展人脉是沙发客的主要旅游动机之一,受到热情接待、体会家庭温暖是沙发客的共同感知;"联系"、"聊天"、"游览"构成沙发客的基本活动;"火车"、"搭车"与"公交"组成交通方式的关键词汇;国际大都市"上海"、"北京"及风景如画的"厦门"、"杭州"成为热门目的地;"景点"、"大学"与"公园"是沙发客关注的游玩地点。

The term ＂couchsurfing＂ comes from a non-profit website founded by a young American named Fenton in 2003 （http：//www. couchsurfing, com/）. Couchsurfing has become a new and stylish means of travel, and those who travel this way are called ＂ couchsurfers＂. Couchsurfing involves more emotional investment than traditional travel, and is characterized by more abundant experiences and lower costs. Couchsurfing, which originated in the United States and Europe, is gradually becoming popular in China. Networks are a basic tool in couchsurfing. This article attempts to analyze the characteristics of travel behavior and associated regulations using research methods based on network text data, and provides a preliminary interpretation of the couchsurfer phenomenon. Specifically, this research collects a study sample from three domestic couchsurfer websites in four time periods, after first performing some pre-processing. Effective travel notes are obtained from 201 couchsurfers and host reception notes are obtained from 122 hosts, for a total of 323 notes and 462,224 sample words. The article uses the SPSS software to identify the basic characteristics of couchsurfers based on the detailed descriptions and specific information from 201 couchsurfer travel notes. The paper summarizes 50 high-frequency words that describe the travel behavior of domestic couchsurfers based on the network text data using content analysis and the word frequency analysis software ＂ROST Word Parser＂ following an in-depth study of the acquired network text content. The fifty high-frequency words can be grouped into six categories： motivation, perception, activity, transportation method, city for couchsurfing, and leisure site. The study finds that the two words ＂friends＂ and ＂warmth＂ are most frequently used in the text vocabulary, and that making friends to expandtheir network of relationships is the principal tourism motivation of couchsurfers. Receiving an enthusiastic reception that expresses the warmth of a family is the most common positive description that couchsurfers make of their experience. ＂ Contact＂, ＂ chat＂ and ＂ visit＂ constitute the basic activities engaged in by couchsurfers. Furthermore, saving money is an important strategy in travel by couchsurfers, and therefore ＂take the train＂, ＂thumb a ride＂ and ＂take the bus＂ dominate the transportation methods used by couchsurfers. Couchsurfers prefer urban tourism, and so the international metropolises of ＂ Shanghai＂ and ＂ Beijing＂, and picturesque ＂Xiamen＂ and ＂ Hangzhou＂, have become the most popular destinations for couchsurfers in China. ＂ Scenic spots＂, ＂universities＂ and ＂parks＂ are the leisure sites of most interest to couchsurfers. Through the analysis of couchsurfer behavior, I believe that couchsurfing is obviously host-oriented, with trust as its core and emotion as a bond, and forms a ＂complex＂ in which three spaces -- the virtual world, everyday world, and world of travel -- mingle to form a single whole. Couchsurfing has very rich cultural connotations, and is a means of travel that is full of human emotion and that expands social living space, releases the real emotional needs of tourists, has distinct characteristics of post-modern tourism, and strongly and positively impacts future tourism development and ways of life.