载人登月训练模拟器综述

Review of Manned Lunar Training Simulator

为了给中国未来载人登月任务训练仿真技术预研和模拟器研制方案论证提供借鉴参考,梳理了美和前苏联载人登月任务航天员训练概况、训练模拟器型谱及其应用情况。主要分析NASA航天员训练分类、训练阶段、主要的训练模拟器及其典型的训练情况,简要介绍了前苏联载人登月模拟器的类型。总结了得到的启示,最重要一点是:登月训练应该研制各种类型的训练模拟器,以丰富航天员模拟训练的手段,提高模拟训练的覆盖性。还对未来中国航天训练仿真技术前景进行了展望,包括新型虚拟现实技术因登月飞行和月面驻留任务及环境的特点而得到工程化应用;新型虚拟现实训练仿真技术体系的关键技术主要有自然和谐人机交互技术、真实感力学环境感知仿真技术、人类多感知(视觉、听觉、触觉等)仿真技术等;新型人机交互技术在模拟训练中的应用将更为自然与和谐;新型运动感仿真技术将在模拟训练中得到工程化应用。

In order to present the reference for the development of simulators and pre-research of training simulation of China manned lunar mission in the future,the overview of training,styles and training applications of the manned lunar training simulator in the former Soviet Union and the America were analyzed.The kinds of training,training stages,main training simulators（or mockups） and the typical training application in NASA were mainly introduced,and the training simulators of manned lunar mission in the former Soviet Union were briefly introduced.The inspirations were concluded,the most important one is that various types training simulators should be developed for lunar training,so that the methods of astronaut training will be enriched,the spreadability of simulated training will be improved.The outlooks of china spaceflight training simulation technologies were proposed,such as new virtual reality technology will be applied in engineering because of the lunar flight,lunar lingering and environment features;the key technologies of new virtual reality technology architecture are naturally and harmony human-machine interaction,sense of reality simulation of perception of mechanics environment,simulation of human multiple perception（vision,audition,tactile sensation）,new human-machine interaction technology will be applied in simulated training more naturally and harmony,new simulation of kinesthesia will be applied in engineering.