伏马毒素生物合成和降解的研究进展

The Development of Research on Fumonisins′ Biosynthesis and Degradation

伏马毒素(Fumonisins,FBs)一种由串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)、轮状镰孢菌(Fusariumverticillioides)、多誉镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)和其他一些镰孢菌种产生的水溶性次级代谢产物。广泛存在于玉米等农产品中,在较低的浓度范围内,可干扰植物正常生理代谢功能,不仅会造成农业经济损失,其严重的致癌性对人畜危害极大,因此开始受到广泛关注。目前国际上对伏马菌素的研究已经深入到分子水平,通过对产伏马菌素菌株的遗传学研究,鉴定出与伏马菌素生物合成相关基因及合成协同调节基因簇。本文介绍了伏马毒素的理化性质,以及伏马毒素作用机理,生物合成途径。阐述了伏马毒素生物合成的基因序列群以及基因簇的表达方式。论述了伏马毒素的降解方法,并为今后伏马毒素生物工程降解研究提出了建议。

Fumonisins （ Fumonisins, FB ） are composed by Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium verticiUioides, Fu- sarium proliferatum and some other Fusarium secondary metabolites . Fumonisins are the water - solubility secondary metabolites produced by several sorts of bacteriums. The substance is widely presented in corn and other agricultural products. It can interfere with the normal physiology metabolic function of plants in the lower concentration range. Fumonisins can cause the decay of plants and crops that makes the economic losses. Moreover there is a serious carcinogenic harm to humans and animals. Fumonisins have gained considerable attention on food safety for their wide - scale occurring and high toxin. At present, the study on fumonisins has reached molecular levels. The gene cluster and coregulated genes associated with fumonisins biosynthesis were identified through genetics study on fumonisins producing strains of Fusarium verticillioides. This article describes the physical and chemical properties of fumonisins the mechanism of action and biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, it also describes the fumonisins biosynthesis gene sequences group as well as the ways of gene clusters expression. This article discusses the method of fumonisins degradation, and presents the recommendations for the fumonisins bioengineering degradation studies in future.