吉林省径流量时空变化特征及成因分析

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Runoff and its Causes in Jilin Province

根据吉林省地形地貌特征,分别以东部、中部、西部代表性雨量站和径流测站1956-2000年平均降水量和径流量资料为基础,对吉林省多年平均天然径流量以及典型年径流量的年内分配状况进行计算。同时,选用Mann-Kendall非参数秩次相关检验法分析径流量年际变化趋势,并通过绘制径流深等值线和变差系数CV等值线对径流量空间变化进行分析。最后以降水量、气候、地形地貌、水系河网为主要因子,通过相关系数、双累计曲线方法,对径流量时空变化的成因进行探讨。研究结果表明:吉林省径流量年内分配主要集中在6-9月;径流量年际变化规律并不一致,与随处位置有关,多年平均径流量的Mann-Kendall非参数秩次相关检验系数为-0.07,径流量呈减少趋势;吉林省径流量呈分带性,东部山区径流量较大且变化较小,西部平原区径流量较小且变化较大。降水量与径流量相关性较大,延边、吉林、白城降水量与径流量双累积曲线存在突变点,突变点时间分别为1975、1978、1984年;除降水量的影响,气候、地形地貌和水系河网对径流量时空变化的影响也较明显。

The data resources depended on topography feather of Jilin Province are chosen from precipitation station and runoff station with high representative from the eastern,middle,western part during 1956-2000.And all those are used to analysis the distribution for years of average natural runoff and typical runoff.The annual runoff change tendency is assessed by Mann-Kendall rank trend test and then spatial characteristics of volume of runoff is analyzed based on runoff depth contour line and variation coefficient Cv.At last,with the main factors such as precipitation,climate,topography and geomorphology,drainage network,cause of formation of the temporal variation characteristics of runoff are analyzed.The findings from data analysis are as follows：distribution of inter-annual runoff of Jilin province mainly concentrated in June to September.The variation of runoff was related to the position.According to Mann-Kendall rank test index was-0.07we can see the reduce tendency of intra-annual runoff.There was obvious zonality of runoff in Jilin Province and eastern volume of runoff was large with little change as a result of low mountains,and the western was opposite.There is more correlation between precipitation and runoff,but the correlation coefficient is less than 0.8of Yanbian in 1967-1975.And precipitation and runoff double cumulative curve have mutations of Yanbian、Jilin、Baicheng in 1975、 1978、1984year.Topography and river network also influence on runoff formation and distribution.