一次大强度训练后不同恢复手段对田径运动员血乳酸清除的影响

Effects of Different Recovery Methods on Blood Lactic Acid Removal after a Strenuous Training in Track and Field Athletes

目的:探讨不同恢复手段对一次大强度训练后田径运动员血乳酸(BLA)清除的影响,以明确大强度训练间歇期最佳恢复手段与强度,为提高运动员的训练效果提供依据。方法:15名青年专业田径运动员通过递增负荷运动实验测试最大摄氧量(VO2max)和乳酸阈(LAT)。1周后,以90%VO2max强度运动5min,运动后即刻分别进行消极性恢复(0%LAT)和4种强度的积极性恢复(100%、80%、60%和40%LAT)。于运动前安静时、运动后即刻以及恢复过程中每4min取1次指血测定BLA,直到BLA恢复至安静水平。比较各组恢复期BLA清除速率以及BLA清除2/3所需时间(t2/3)。结果:恢复期0～20min各时间点消极性恢复组(0%LAT)BLA均高于各积极性恢复组(P<0.05),而40%LAT组则高于60%LAT组(P<0.05),后两者均高于80%LAT组和100%LAT组(P<0.05)。80%LAT组和100%LAT组恢复期各时间点均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。消极性恢复组(0%LAT)在运动后24min、40%LAT组在运动后20min、60%LAT组在运动后16min、80%LAT组和100%LAT组均在运动后12min恢复至安静时水平。积极性恢复各组t2/3均低于消极性恢复组(P<0.05),60%LAT组t2/3高于40%LAT组(P<0.05),80%LAT组和100%LAT组t2/3均低于60%LAT组和40%LAT组(P<0.05),而80%LAT组和100%LAT组t2/3则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:大强度训练后进行积极性恢复对于BLA清除的效果明显优于消极性恢复,BLA清除速率依赖于积极性恢复的强度,两者呈剂量反应关系,且以达到或接近个体LAT强度进行积极性恢复的效果最佳。

Objective： To explore the effects of different recovery methods on blood lactic acid （BLA） removal after a strenuous training in track and field athletes and to identify the optimal recovery methods and intensity during intermission after strenuous exercise training, providing evidence for enhancement of training effects in athletes. Methods： Fifteen young track and field athletes performed a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake （VO2 max） and lactic acid threshold （LAT）. After a week, the subjects conducted a 5-rain exercise at 90% VO2 max, immediately followed by passive recovery （0%LAT） and four different intensity of positive reeovery（ 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% LAT）. BLA of finger blood were measured at rest, at the end of exercise and every 4-min during recovery period till BLA return to rest lev- el. BLA removal velocity and the time of 2/3 removal of BLA （ t2/a ） during recovery period were compared. Results：At time point of 0-20min during recovery period, BLA in passive re- covery group （0%LAT） was higher than each positive recover group （P〈0. 05） and 40% LAT group higher than 60% LAT group （P〈0.05 ）, the latter two higher than both of 80 % LAT and 100 G LAT group （P〈0.05）. There were no signifieant difference of BLA between 80GLAT and 100GLAT group during each recovery time point （P〉0.05）. BLA returned to baseline at 24min after exercise in passive recovery group, 20min in 40% LAT group, 16min in 60% LAT group and 12min in 80% LAT and 100 % LAT group. T2/2 of each positive recov- er group were lower than passive recover group （P〈0. 05）, 60% LAT group higher than 40%LAT group （P〈0. 05） and 80% LAT group as well as 100% LAT group lower than both of 60%LAT group and 40%LAT group （P〈0.05）,while no difference existed between 80 % LAT group and 100% LAT group （P〉0. 05）. Conclusion： Positive recovery after a strenuous training is more effective in BLA removal than passive recovery. Efficiency of BLAremoval depends on training intensity of positive recovery （dose-response relationship） and training intensity at or close to LAT shows the best effect.