青海省平安县2006—2010年人群土源性线虫病监测结果分析

The surveillance on human soil-borne nematode infections from 2006 to 2010 in Pingan County, Qinghai Province

目的 对青海省平安县三合镇人群土源性线虫病进行监测，分析该省人体土源性线虫病流行趋势和特征，为进一步制订防治策略和措施提供科学依据。 方法 2006—2010年，采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查三合镇三合村3周岁以上常住居民土源性线虫感染情况；3～12周岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫。用改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检查10户居民的菜园、厕所周边、庭院和厨房四类地点的土壤中人蛔虫卵污染情况。 结果 2006—2010年，平安县人体土源性线虫总感染率分别为14.35%（152/1 059）、6.46%（77/1 192）、11.43%（126/1 102）、6.65%（80/1 204）、6.20%（72/1 162），蛔虫和蛲虫为主要感染虫种，蛔虫感染者主要为轻度感染，蛔虫感染率年度间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=64.04，P＜0.05）。各年度职业分布均以学龄前儿童蛔虫感染率为最高，分别为28.28%（28/99）、11.30%（13/115）、17.53%（17/97）、10.00%（4/40）和12.50%（5/40），其次为学生，再次为农民；各年度文化程序分布均以小学文化程度蛔虫感染率最高，各年龄段以5～10岁组感染率最高，随着年龄增长，人群蛔虫感染率总体呈下降趋势。仅在2006、2008年查出12岁以下儿童蛲虫感染，感染率分别为4.35%（8/184）和1.36%（2/147）。5年间土壤人蛔虫卵检出率分别为20.00%（8/40）、10.00%（4/40）、2.27%（1/44）、17.31%（9/52）和15.00%（6/40）。 结论 2006—2010年青海省监测点的人体土源性线虫感染率呈总体下降趋势，感染的主要虫种为蛔虫。

Objective To monitor the human soil-borne nematode infections in Sanhe Town of Pingan County, Qinghai Province and to analyze the epidemic trend and features of the infections thus to provide sci- entific basis for further development of control and prevention strategy. Methods From 2006 to 2010, the residents of Sanhe Town were investigated for soil-borne nematode infections. The stool samples of the residents aged above 3 years old were collected and examined for soil-borne nematode eggs with Kato-Katz method and pinworm eggs were examined with anal swab method for aged under 12. Ascaris eggs in soil of kitchen, yard, garden and outside of toilet were examined using improved saturated sodium nitrate floatation method. Results The over- all infection rates of human soil-borne nematode infections from 2006 to 2010 were 14.35%（ 152/1 059）, 6.46% （77/1 192）, 11.43%（126/1 102）, 6.65%（80/1 204） and 6.20%（72/1 162）, respectively, in Pingan County. A. lumbricoides and E. vermicularis were the major infection parasites. The infections of A. lumbricoides were mild. The difference between year＇s human A scaris infection rate was significant （~=64.04,P〈0.05）. From 2006 to 2010, the hightest Ascaris infection rates were in pre-school children among different occupations, which were 28.28% （28/99）, 11.30% （13/115）, 17.53% （17/97）, 10.00% （4/40） and 12.50% （5/40）, respec- tively. The second was students, the third was farmers. Each year the highest infection rate of Ascaris was in people with education of elementary school among different eduction levels. The highest infection rate of As- caris was in age group of 5-10 years old. The infection rate of Ascaris declined in general as they grew older. In 2006 and 2008, the infection rates of E. vermicularis were 4.35%（8/184） and 1.36%（2/147） under age of 12 children. The detection rate of Ascaris eggs in soil from 2006 to 2010 were 20.00%（8/40）, 10.00%（4/40）, 2.27%（1/44）, 17.31%（9/52） and 15.00% （6/40）, respectively. Conclusion The overall infection rate of human soil-borne nematode declined in general in surveillance site in Qinghai from 2006 to 2010, A. lumbricoides was the major infective parasite.