SAR层析成像技术的发展和展望

Development and perspective of tomographic SAR imaging technique

合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像是雷达目标在二维成像平面上的投影,由投影引起的各种失真使得SAR图像解译极其困难。干涉SAR能获取连续地形的高程测绘,但不具备高度分辨能力。利用多部天线或多次航过形成高程上的合成孔径,SAR层析成像技术实现了对雷达目标的三维分辨能力,这对实现城区测绘、人造目标识别等均具有重要价值。总结了SAR层析成像系统及其信号处理技术的发展历程和研究进展,并对各种信号处理算法的性能优劣进行了研究与讨论。最后,指出了SAR层析成像技术的研究热点并对其发展趋势进行了展望。

As synthetic aperture radar（SAR） image is the projection of radar targets on a two-dimensional plane,various distortion effects induced by projection will complicate the interpretation of SAR images.Interferometric SAR could acquire an elevation map of the continuous terrain topography,but it does not have elevation resolving ability.Utilizing synthetic aperture in elevation realized by multi-antenna or multi-pass,the tomographic SAR imaging technique achieves three-dimensional resolving ability for targets,which is invaluable for urban district mapping and man-made target recognition in SAR images.The developing process is summarized and progress of the tomographic SAR imaging system and its signal processing technique are researched.At the same time,the advantages and disadvantages of different signal processing algorithms are studied.Eventually,the research focuses and developing trend of tomographic SAR imaging technique are discussed.