氮肥追施比例对冬小麦产量和蛋白质组分及生理指标的影响

Effect of topdressing nitrogen ratio on yield,protein components and physiological characteristics of winter wheat

在大田试验条件下,以A1(中麦8)、A2(中麦175)和A3(轮选518)3个小麦品种为试验材料,设3个氮肥基追比处理(B1,底肥∶拔节肥∶开花肥=5∶5∶0;B2,底肥∶拔节肥∶开花肥=5∶4∶1;B3,底肥∶拔节肥∶开花肥=5∶3∶2),采用2因素随机区组设计,研究了不同氮肥基追比对冬小麦子粒产量和蛋白质组分及生理特性的影响。结果表明,在底肥和追肥总量相同的条件下,适当提高开花期追施氮肥的比例有利于抑制小麦生育后期旗叶叶绿素的降解,提高叶片含氮量,延长叶片功能期;B3处理子粒产量及容重、千粒重和蛋白质产量均高于其它两施肥处理,其中B3处理的千粒重显著高于B2处理。品种间各产量因素间差异显著。不同氮肥基追比例对球蛋白含量有显著影响,而对其他蛋白组分含量影响不显著。

A 2-factors randomized block design fertilizer experiment was carried out to study the impacts of basal and topdressing nitrogen ratios on winter wheat yield, protein components and physiological index. There were three winter wheat cultivars, Zhongmai 8（A1）, Zhongmai 175（A2） and Lunxuan 518（A3）, and three N ratios for basal, jointing and flowering： B1 （5∶5∶0）, B2 （5∶4∶1） and B3 （5∶3∶2）. The results show that under the same amount of N fertilizer, appropriate increase of the N topdressing proportion at the flowering stage is useful to prevent the chlorophyll in wheat flag leaf from degradation at the late growth stage, increase leaf nitrogen content and extend the functional period of leaves. Higher grain yield, bulk density, 1000-grain weight and protein yield were obtained with B3 treatments than with B1 and B2 treatments, and the difference in 1000grain weight between the B3 and B2 was significant. Significant differences were also existed in the production factors among cultivars. Different proportion of nitrogen dressing affects the globulin contents significantly, while the contents of other protein components are not significant.