铁肥虹吸输液对缺铁失绿苹果叶片光合生理指标和荧光参数的影响

Effect of iron fertilizer siphon transfusion on photosynthetic physiological indices and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of iron deficiency chlorosis in apple trees

为了进一步探索矫正苹果缺铁失绿症途径,采用铁肥虹吸输液方法,研究了铁肥虹吸输液对缺铁黄化叶片复绿,叶片解剖结构、色素含量、光合生理指标和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,虹吸输液处理的复绿苹果叶片单个细胞叶绿体数目比对照增加了3.6个,淀粉粒有所减少;叶绿体内基粒结构更清晰、垛叠增多;线粒体内嵴数量增多、清晰度提高;叶绿体和线粒体的被膜结构得到修复。虹吸输铁后失绿程度由2.00级恢复到0.49级;铁肥虹吸输液显著提高了叶片的光合速率、气孔导度,降低了细胞间隙的CO2浓度。输铁处理其PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)均为最高。缺铁失绿苹果叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量分别比未输液对照增加2.97倍和3.18倍。说明采取铁肥虹吸输液的方法能够矫正苹果缺铁失绿症。

The objective of this study was to explore a new approach of correcting iron deficiency chlorosis in apple trees. The regreen of yellow leaves, anatomical structure of leaves, pigment content, photosynthetic physiological indicators and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were researched by means of iron fertilizer siphon transfusion. The results show that the number of chloroplast of retrieved green leaves is increased by 3.6 under the siphon transfusion treatment, while the starch grains are reduced. The chloroplast grana structure is clearer under the siphon transfusion treatment, and the stacked chloroplast lamellae is increased. The number of the cristae in mitochondrion is increased and the structure is clearer under the siphon transfusion treatment. The biofilm structures of chloroplast and mitochondrion are repaired under the siphon transfusion treatment. The scale of the chlorosis is resumed from 2.00 to 0.49 after the siphon transfusion. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance are significantly improved by the iron fertilizer siphoning infusion, and the CO2 concentration of the cell gap is reduced. The maximum photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and PS Ⅱ potential activity （Fv/Fo） under the iron fertilizer transfusion treatment are the highest. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of iron deficient leaves are increased by 2.97 times and 3.18 times, respectively, compared with the control 2（no liquid transfusion）. It is concluded that iron deficency chlorosis can be corrected by the iorn fertilizer siphon transfusion. .