不同水氮组合对全立架栽培伽师瓜产量与品质的影响

Effect of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on the yield and quality of trellis-cultivated custard apple(Cucumis melo var.saccharinus Naud)

全立架露地栽培伽师瓜(Cucumis melo var.saccharinus Naud)是一种集高密度、覆膜、立架于一体的立体种植新模式。本文在极端干旱的喀什地区灌溉条件下,研究不同水氮组合对全立架栽培伽师瓜产量、品质、水氮资源利用效率的影响,结果表明,施氮肥能使全立架栽培伽师瓜单果重增加而使产量提高31.0%。而当施氮量增至375 kg/hm2且灌水8250 m3/hm2时,又显著增加烂果率。灌水量为6750～7500 m3/hm2时氮素利用效率最高,并随施氮量的增加而降低。施氮量为225 kg/hm2时灌水利用效率最高。施氮量375 kg/hm2时的果肉维生素C含量较不施氮肥降低11.3%～25.6%。不同灌水量对果实果肉比例及果皮比例无显著影响,而施用氮肥可增加果实的果肉比例、降低胎座子粒的质量百分比。当全立架露地栽培伽师瓜的产量达81745 kg/hm2时,适宜的水氮组合为全生育期施氮303 kg/hm2、灌水7405 m3/hm2,且能保证果实品质。

Trelliscultivation of custard apple （Cucumis melo var. saccharinus Naud） in open fields is a new cultivation pattern owing to advantages of high yield and high efficiency in land use. The optimum combination of irrigation and nitrogen was obtained by investigating the effects of different nitrogen（N） and irrigation（I） levels on fruit yield, quality, nitrogen utilization efficiency（NUE） and irrigation water use efficiency（IWUE） of trelliscultivated melon in extremely droughty Kashi region. The results indicate that the fruit weight is increased under the nitrogen application, and the yield is increased by 31.0%. The rotten fruit rate is increased significantly under the nitrogen level of 375 kg/ha and quantity of water close to 8250 m3/ha. The highest NUE is obtained with quantity of water in 6750-7500 m3/ha and is decreased as the increase of the N level. The highest IWUE is obtained with application of nitrogen close to 225 kg/ha. The Vc content of the pulp under N375 kg/ha is the lowest, which is 11.3% to 25.6% lower than that of N0 The flesh rate and skin rate are not influenced by the irrigation （5250-8250 m3/ha）, while nitrogen application can increase the flesh rate and reduce the percentage of placenta and seeds weight. The results suggest that as the yield close to 81745 kg/ha, the optimum combination of nitrogen and irrigation is 303 kg/ha and 7405 m3/ha without lessening quality.