转基因植物法律保护利益平衡机制的经济学分析

The Economic Analysis on the Balance of Interests about the Legal Protection of Transgenic Plants

转基因植物法律保护利益平衡机制的构建就是一个法的创制过程,也是社会制度不断完善的过程。在国际利益平衡中必须兼顾发展中国家的利益,在国内利益平衡中要维护农民的权利和社会公众的利益。通过引入外部激励机制能够打破转基因植物培育者和基因资源提供者之间的恶性循环,促进社会总收益的提高。然而转基因植物的法律保护影响到整个社会的利益格局,权责利险分配不均将导致相关主体的利益受损。本文利用成本—收益对各利益主体进行分析认为发达国家给予发展中国家合理的经济补偿,能够实现利益格局中各主体利益的最大化并促进整个社会收益的提高。可以从知识产权法角度,从制度选择、静态安排和动态规划三个层次,通过"双向激励"机制来完善转基因植物法律保护的利益平衡。

The construction of balance of interests about the legal protection of transgenic plants is a process of law creation,also the process of the improvement of society system.We must give consideration to the interests of developing countries in the international balance of interests,and must give consideration to the interests of farmers and social public in the national balance of interests.Via economic analysis,the introduction of external incentive mechanism can break the vicious circle between the transgenic plants raisers and genetic resources providers and promote the improvement of social total revenue.Once the right,responsibility,interests and risks are being uneven distributed,it will easily cause the damage of related subject.We use the cost-benefit theory of economics to analyze the costs and benefits of mainly interest subjects,find out that if the developed countries give the developing countries a reasonable economic compensation,can realize the maximization of interests among the interest subjects and promote the improvement of society profits.By this,and form the angle of intellectual property right,expounded and proved from three levels: system selection,static planning and dynamic planning,we use the 'double direction'incentive mechanism to realize the balance of interests about legal protection of transgenic plants.