原型范畴理论视域下汉俄语时间表达方式的认知研究

A Cognitive Study of Time Expressions Between Chinese and Russian:The Perspective of Prototype Category Theory

时制是时间的语言学表达。本文拟从原型范畴理论的视角对汉俄语言中时制的差异加以阐释。汉语和俄语的时制皆自成体系,内涵丰富,两种时制系统之间有相同,更有差异。现代汉语的时制通常不通过狭义的形态变化来体现,时间既可以由词汇成分表达,又可以由语法成分来表达,还可以由二者相互配合来表达。俄语时制主要通过动词的形态变化来表现,词汇是辅助方式,这两种表现手段也可以结合在一起,共同表现时制意义。

Time system is the linguistic expression of time. This paper, based on the prototype theory, conducts a contrastive studyof time system between Russian and Chinese. It is found that both Chinese and Russian have their own time system and rich expressions of time, and there exist some similarities and differences between the two languages. In modem Chinese, time system is conveyed through the lexical and grammatical items and the combinations of the two, whereas in Russian, the time system is mainly expressed by the verb morphological changes, and the lexical items is the sub-way of time system. Sometimes the two ways can be combined together to show the meanings of time system.