大学演进中“学术自由”的意义嬗变

The Evolution of the Meaning of University's "Academic Freedom"

大学在历史演进的长河中,所追求的学术自由的意义本身在不断地变化。诞生于中世纪的大学,在教会的庇护下,学术自由主要是享受特权的自由;随着国家权威的建立,近代大学追求的学术自由要义在于免除国家的利益干涉与行动控制;二战以后,随着民主进程的加快,自由成为公民的基本权利,学术自由转向大学内部并与学术道德联姻,旨在寻求大学人的积极行动。

With the passage of time, the meaning of academic freedom that university has continuously pursued has undergone constant evolvement. In the Middle Ages, university was born under the church＇s protection. Therefore, the academic freedom for university at that time mainly meant the freedom to enjoy privilege. Along with the establishment of national authority, modem university pursued academic freedom from the interference and control by nation state. Since the end of World War II, freedom has become citizen＇s basic right, and academic freedom has turned inward and been linked with academic ethics, aimed at promoting positive activities of academic personnel.