大理地区传统药材集市的现状及特点

The Status and Characteristics of Traditional Medicine Markets in Dali Prefecture

滇西北大理地区位于茶马古道上,处于白、汉、藏文化交汇区域,集市作为三民族生计互补与文化传播的中心,从古至今都有茶马交易与药材交易。现今受中国经济高速发展与西医药文化的强烈影响,该地区的传统药材集市是否仍是白、汉、藏民族药材交易及相关医药文化交流的重要场所?传统药材集市呈现出怎样的特点?本研究选取大理地区三个重要传统药材集市,从集市的药材经营和交易情况角度进行民族植物学调查。调查发现,现今传统集市上的药材交易仍为三民族交流的重要部分,各民族在其中表现的相关民族植物学知识不同。三民族在药材经营者人员分配的习惯制度上有差异,在所出售药材的种类与处理方式上不同。传统药材集市上呈现出的多民族交流,白、汉、藏民族间的差异而非趋同化特点,说明各民族间的相互需求关系,体现大理地区传统药材集市存在对白、汉、藏民族交流的重要性。本文最后讨论了该地区传统药材集市现今仍然存在的自然性和必然性,并提出不需要刻意对集市进行保护的观点。

The Dali Prefecture, where Bai, Han and Tibetan ethnic groups are found, is located on the Ancient Tea- Horse Road. Trade in tea and medicinal materials, dating back to ancient times, remain important in local markets that serve as centers for exchange of goods and also as cultural centers for the three ethnic groups. With the rapid e- conomic development of China and the influence of western medicine, the traditional markets in the region, and therefore the trade and culture that focuses on medicinal materials, could be under threat. It is important, therefore, to document the characteristics of traditional medicine markets while they still operate. We have conducted an ethno- botanical investigation involving the study of medicinal materials traded in three important traditional markets in Da- li. We found that traditional medicine exchange is still an important component of the Bai, Han and Tibetan culture, and that traditional knowledge about medicinal plants differs between these ethnic groups. The three groups have dif- ferent ways of distributing sales staff and in dealing with different medicinal plants. The multiethnic exchange and di-versity of customs in markets illustrate the mutual needs of the three groups and reflect the importance of exchange markets in traditional medicine practised in the area.