凉山州彝、汉混居区饮食文化中的野生植物利用初探

A Study on the Utilization of Wild Plants for Food in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

运用民族植物学"5W+lH"提问法,结合访谈方法、集市调查和野外调查进行编目,研究了凉山彝族自治州冕宁县饮食文化中食用野生植物的传统知识。结果表明:1)冕宁县饮食文化中利用的野生植物种类隶属于45科91属110种,其中传统粮用植物4种、野生蔬菜53种、野果植物37种、调味植物6种、酿造植物4种、药食两用植物16种、代茶植物15种;2)冕宁县彝族和汉族饮食文化中对野生植物利用有叠合又各自传承发展的特征;3)对彝族和汉族饮食文化中的野生植物利用现状形成的原因进行了分析,就如何保护传统知识进行了探讨,对可持续利用当地的野生食用植物资源提出建议。

The ethnobotanical ＂5W＋ 1 H＂ method plus market and field investigations were used to study traditional knowledge of wild edible plants in Mianning County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The results showed that 1 ） there are 110 species of wild edible plant occurring in Mianning County, belonging to 45 different families and 91 genera. Of these, 4 species are used as grain, 53 as vegetables, 37 as fresh fruits, 6 as condiments, 4 in brewing bean butter and bean paste, 16 as medicinal food, and 15 as substitutes for tea. 2 ） The characteristics of using wild plants in the food culture of the Yi and Han ethnogroups are almost the same, although each group maintains and de- velops their own particular food culture. 3 ） The status and reasons for using wild plants in the Yi and Han food cul- ture were analyzed. Furthermore, how to protect traditional knowledge is discussed, together with proposals for the sustainable use of wild edible plants in this region.